Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorder: Mood Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between a person experiencing a normal mood swing and a person with a mood disorder?

  • The frequency of the mood swings
  • The duration of the mood
  • The intensity of the mood
  • The presence of other symptoms that cause significant distress (correct)

What is the term used to describe disorders that only involve depressive episodes, without manic or hypomanic episodes?

  • Bipolar disorder
  • Depressive disorder
  • Mood disorder
  • Unipolar disorder (correct)

According to the DSM-5-TR, what is the primary characteristic of major depressive disorder?

  • One or more hypomanic episodes
  • One or more major depressive episodes (correct)
  • One or more manic episodes
  • One or more episodes of anxiety

What is the term used to describe the combination of symptoms that cause significant distress and impairment in daily life?

<p>Symptom presentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of reviewing biological and environmental risk factors in mood disorders?

<p>To understand the development and course of mood disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of this section of the text?

<p>Major mood disorders, their symptom presentations, and risk factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a period of abnormal mood that causes significant distress and impairment in daily life?

<p>Depressive episode (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic that distinguishes major depressive disorder from persistent depressive disorder?

<p>The duration of the depressive episode (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of mood disorders on an individual's life?

<p>Social and occupational difficulties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reviewing treatments for mood disorders in this section?

<p>To provide an overview of treatment options for mood disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of symptoms required to meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder?

<p>Five (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 12-month prevalence rate for persistent depressive disorder?

<p>0.5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average age of onset for major depressive disorder?

<p>Mid-20s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people with major depressive disorder experience a second episode?

<p>40%–50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration of time a person with persistent depressive disorder can be without symptoms?

<p>Two months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of people with major depressive disorder who experience an anxiety disorder?

<p>59% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between socioeconomic status and major depressive disorder?

<p>Inversely correlated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of people who experience a major depressive episode and later experience a manic episode?

<p>5%–10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifetime prevalence rate for major depressive disorder?

<p>16.6% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in prevalence rates of major depressive disorder between women and men?

<p>Women experience 2 to 3 times higher rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which cultural group has a higher prevalence rate of major depressive disorder been found compared to European Americans, African Americans, and Hispanic Americans?

<p>Native Americans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary contribution to the development of major depressive disorder according to twin studies?

<p>Genetic effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stressful life events are most strongly related to depression?

<p>Severe stressful life events, such as loss of a significant relationship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between neural circuitry and major depressive disorder?

<p>Increased activation in brain regions involved in the stress response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential predictor of increases in depressive symptoms in both men and women?

<p>Marital dissatisfaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of inheritance of major depressive disorder?

<p>Not fully understood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential environmental factor that contributes to the risk of major depressive disorder?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of fMRI in depression research?

<p>Examining neural circuitry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between major depressive disorder and stressful life events?

<p>Stressful life events are more likely to predict the first episode than subsequent episodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between depressive symptoms and marital dissatisfaction?

<p>Depressive symptoms and marital dissatisfaction predict each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of individuals with a pessimistic attributional style?

<p>They make internal, global, and stable attributions to negative events (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to research, what type of relatives or spouses are associated with higher relapse rates of major depressive disorder?

<p>Those who are critical and emotionally overinvolved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a theoretical model that incorporates attributional styles in the etiology of depression?

<p>Hopelessness Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the attributional style that serves as a vulnerability to developing major depressive disorder?

<p>Pessimistic attributional style (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the researcher who has studied the role of attributional styles in the etiology of major depressive disorder?

<p>Abramson (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a person with a pessimistic attributional style who fails an exam?

<p>They think they are stupid and will always do poorly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the way people think, interpret, and recall information?

<p>Attributional style (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a pessimistic attributional style?

<p>Making external attributions to negative events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the researcher who has studied the role of relatives and spouses in the etiology of major depressive disorder?

<p>Butzlaff (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome associated with people living with critical and emotionally overinvolved relatives or spouses?

<p>Higher relapse rates of major depressive disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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