Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorder: Mood Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between a person experiencing a normal mood swing and a person with a mood disorder?

  • The frequency of the mood swings
  • The duration of the mood
  • The intensity of the mood
  • The presence of other symptoms that cause significant distress (correct)

    • What is the term used to describe disorders that only involve depressive episodes, without manic or hypomanic episodes?

  • Bipolar disorder
  • Depressive disorder
  • Mood disorder
  • Unipolar disorder (correct)

    • According to the DSM-5-TR, what is the primary characteristic of major depressive disorder?

  • One or more hypomanic episodes
  • One or more major depressive episodes (correct)
  • One or more manic episodes
  • One or more episodes of anxiety

    • What is the term used to describe the combination of symptoms that cause significant distress and impairment in daily life?

    <p>Symptom presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of reviewing biological and environmental risk factors in mood disorders?

    <p>To understand the development and course of mood disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of this section of the text?

    <p>Major mood disorders, their symptom presentations, and risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a period of abnormal mood that causes significant distress and impairment in daily life?

    <p>Depressive episode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic that distinguishes major depressive disorder from persistent depressive disorder?

    <p>The duration of the depressive episode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of mood disorders on an individual's life?

    <p>Social and occupational difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reviewing treatments for mood disorders in this section?

    <p>To provide an overview of treatment options for mood disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of symptoms required to meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder?

    <p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 12-month prevalence rate for persistent depressive disorder?

    <p>0.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age of onset for major depressive disorder?

    <p>Mid-20s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people with major depressive disorder experience a second episode?

    <p>40%–50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum duration of time a person with persistent depressive disorder can be without symptoms?

    <p>Two months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of people with major depressive disorder who experience an anxiety disorder?

    <p>59%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between socioeconomic status and major depressive disorder?

    <p>Inversely correlated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of people who experience a major depressive episode and later experience a manic episode?

    <p>5%–10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifetime prevalence rate for major depressive disorder?

    <p>16.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in prevalence rates of major depressive disorder between women and men?

    <p>Women experience 2 to 3 times higher rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cultural group has a higher prevalence rate of major depressive disorder been found compared to European Americans, African Americans, and Hispanic Americans?

    <p>Native Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contribution to the development of major depressive disorder according to twin studies?

    <p>Genetic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stressful life events are most strongly related to depression?

    <p>Severe stressful life events, such as loss of a significant relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between neural circuitry and major depressive disorder?

    <p>Increased activation in brain regions involved in the stress response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential predictor of increases in depressive symptoms in both men and women?

    <p>Marital dissatisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of inheritance of major depressive disorder?

    <p>Not fully understood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential environmental factor that contributes to the risk of major depressive disorder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of fMRI in depression research?

    <p>Examining neural circuitry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between major depressive disorder and stressful life events?

    <p>Stressful life events are more likely to predict the first episode than subsequent episodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between depressive symptoms and marital dissatisfaction?

    <p>Depressive symptoms and marital dissatisfaction predict each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of individuals with a pessimistic attributional style?

    <p>They make internal, global, and stable attributions to negative events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to research, what type of relatives or spouses are associated with higher relapse rates of major depressive disorder?

    <p>Those who are critical and emotionally overinvolved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a theoretical model that incorporates attributional styles in the etiology of depression?

    <p>Hopelessness Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the attributional style that serves as a vulnerability to developing major depressive disorder?

    <p>Pessimistic attributional style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the researcher who has studied the role of attributional styles in the etiology of major depressive disorder?

    <p>Abramson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a person with a pessimistic attributional style who fails an exam?

    <p>They think they are stupid and will always do poorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the way people think, interpret, and recall information?

    <p>Attributional style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a pessimistic attributional style?

    <p>Making external attributions to negative events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the researcher who has studied the role of relatives and spouses in the etiology of major depressive disorder?

    <p>Butzlaff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome associated with people living with critical and emotionally overinvolved relatives or spouses?

    <p>Higher relapse rates of major depressive disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

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