Depression: Mood Disorders and Classification

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What percentage of people who are clinically depressed are likely to commit suicide?

10%
15% (correct)
20%
25%

According to the ICD and DSM IV, what is the minimum duration for which a person must experience a lowered mood to be diagnosed with depression?

1 week
4 weeks
6 weeks
2 weeks (correct)

What is the estimated percentage of women who experience depression?

20-25% (correct)
30-35%
25-30%
15-20%

What is the term for depression that occurs in women after childbirth?

Postpartum Depression (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean age of onset for depression?

35-40 years (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for depression that is seasonal in nature?

Seasonal Affective Disorder (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of urbanization on community psychology?

It leads to a degradation of support structures (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of reactive depression?

Increase in stressful life events (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is anhedonia in the context of depression?

Loss of interest in usual activities and pastimes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Hamilton rating scale for depression?

To measure the severity of depression (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of symptoms required for a diagnosis of depression?

5 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a severe depressive episode?

Several marked symptoms, loss of self-esteem, and suicidal thoughts (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the biogenic amine hypothesis of depression?

Characteristic somatic symptoms implicate amine imbalance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the PHQ-9?

To measure the severity of depression (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of genetics on depression?

It is a causative factor of depression (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach to managing depression?

Early identification and prompt and adequate treatment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of reserpine as a depressant drug?

Inhibiting neurotransmitter vesicles and preventing NT storage (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the NICE treatment guidelines, what is the recommended initial treatment for mild depression?

Offering guided self-help based on Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of therapy focuses on maladaptive perceptions and thoughts?

Cognitive therapy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between reversible and irreversible MAOIs?

Irreversible MAOIs permanently bind to the MAO enzyme, while reversible MAOIs do not (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using SSRIs over TCAs in the treatment of depression?

SSRIs are less likely to cause side effects compared to TCAs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of MAOIs in the treatment of depression?

Inhibiting the action of MAO-A and MAO-B enzymes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for moderate to severe depression in adults?

Combining antidepressant medication with individual CBT (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of using MAOIs in the treatment of depression?

MAOIs can interact with certain foods, such as cheese, to cause a hypertensive crisis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of cognitive therapy in the treatment of depression?

To help the patient identify and challenge maladaptive thoughts (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of maintenance treatment with antidepressants?

2 years (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antidepressant has a low incidence of drug interactions, but caution should be exercised when given with antihypertensive drugs?

SNRI (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of NASSA antidepressants?

Enhancing Na+ transmission by blocking α2 autoreceptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect of TCA antidepressants that is not seen in SSRIs?

Anticholinergic activity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of Agomelatine in treating major depression?

Reduces HAM-D score by +12 points (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of SSRIs over TCAs?

Extremely low toxicity in overdose (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of antidepressant treatment for patients with a history of recurrent depression?

Indefinitely (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'wash-out' time period when switching between antidepressant medications?

To allow original drug to be fully excreted (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect of NASSA antidepressants that is not seen in SSRIs?

Weight gain (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antidepressant has a high affinity for H1 receptors, leading to side effects such as weight gain, drowsiness, and sedation?

NASSA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of review for patients on their first antidepressant prescription?

Every 1-2 weeks (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be offered as first-line treatment for moderate to severe depression in children and young people?

A specific psychological therapy (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario may antidepressant medication be offered to a child?

In combination with concurrent psychological therapy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that may influence the choice of antidepressant for a patient?

The patient's previous success with treatments (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a treatment option for seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?

Lux-box therapy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of electroconvulsive therapy?

It induces an amnesic effect (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential interaction to be aware of when taking St John's Wort?

It interacts with antidepressant medications (A) Signup and view all the answers