Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of inotuzumab when administered to leukemia patients?
What is the primary purpose of inotuzumab when administered to leukemia patients?
Which drug delivery method combines drug diffusion with polymer degradation for controlled drug release?
Which drug delivery method combines drug diffusion with polymer degradation for controlled drug release?
Which of the following systems is NOT typically associated with enhancing drug targeting and minimizing off-target effects?
Which of the following systems is NOT typically associated with enhancing drug targeting and minimizing off-target effects?
What characterizes the Atrogel system in drug delivery?
What characterizes the Atrogel system in drug delivery?
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Which method of drug delivery provides the longest duration for sustained release?
Which method of drug delivery provides the longest duration for sustained release?
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What is the primary characteristic of depot injectables?
What is the primary characteristic of depot injectables?
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How do prodrugs function within depot injections?
How do prodrugs function within depot injections?
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What makes bioerodible microspheres a more advanced form of depot injectables?
What makes bioerodible microspheres a more advanced form of depot injectables?
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Which of the following components is present in Lupron Depot?
Which of the following components is present in Lupron Depot?
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What mechanism does the Atrogel delivery system use for extended drug release?
What mechanism does the Atrogel delivery system use for extended drug release?
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Which statement about depot injectables is incorrect?
Which statement about depot injectables is incorrect?
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In terms of formulation, what distinguishes Invega Sustenna from other depot injectables?
In terms of formulation, what distinguishes Invega Sustenna from other depot injectables?
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Which aspect of depot injection formulations influences the duration of drug release?
Which aspect of depot injection formulations influences the duration of drug release?
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What is the main purpose of SUBLOCADE?
What is the main purpose of SUBLOCADE?
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What characterizes the Somatuline Depot delivery system?
What characterizes the Somatuline Depot delivery system?
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What are the benefits of using an implantable infusion pump for drug delivery?
What are the benefits of using an implantable infusion pump for drug delivery?
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Which of the following implants is specifically designed for localized delivery of a chemotherapy agent?
Which of the following implants is specifically designed for localized delivery of a chemotherapy agent?
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What component of Nexplanon aids in its detection by X-ray?
What component of Nexplanon aids in its detection by X-ray?
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What is a unique characteristic of bioerodible matrix implants?
What is a unique characteristic of bioerodible matrix implants?
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Which type of drug delivery system provides zero-order release requiring surgical insertion?
Which type of drug delivery system provides zero-order release requiring surgical insertion?
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In which condition is a mechanical implant's infusion pump, like the Entera 3000, primarily used?
In which condition is a mechanical implant's infusion pump, like the Entera 3000, primarily used?
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What is the primary method of drug release for polymer implants?
What is the primary method of drug release for polymer implants?
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What aspect of subcutaneous tissue makes it suitable for implantable drug delivery devices?
What aspect of subcutaneous tissue makes it suitable for implantable drug delivery devices?
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What type of drug delivery system exemplifies the use of a solid polyethylene vinyl acetate polymer matrix?
What type of drug delivery system exemplifies the use of a solid polyethylene vinyl acetate polymer matrix?
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What method does the SynchroMed 3 use to propel medication from the reservoir?
What method does the SynchroMed 3 use to propel medication from the reservoir?
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Which implant is used for the treatment of central precocious puberty?
Which implant is used for the treatment of central precocious puberty?
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Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of external pumps?
Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of external pumps?
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What is a primary feature of insulin pumps in modern medicine?
What is a primary feature of insulin pumps in modern medicine?
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What mechanism do elastomeric infusion pumps use to deliver medication?
What mechanism do elastomeric infusion pumps use to deliver medication?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) pumps?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) pumps?
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What role do stealth liposomes play in drug delivery?
What role do stealth liposomes play in drug delivery?
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What is a distinguishing property of albumin nanoparticles as drug carriers?
What is a distinguishing property of albumin nanoparticles as drug carriers?
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Which of the following best describes liposomes?
Which of the following best describes liposomes?
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What is the primary function of particulate drug carriers in spatial control?
What is the primary function of particulate drug carriers in spatial control?
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Which type of infusion pump is designed primarily for home infusion therapy?
Which type of infusion pump is designed primarily for home infusion therapy?
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What is a unique characteristic of Abraxane as a drug formulation?
What is a unique characteristic of Abraxane as a drug formulation?
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How do antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) deliver cytotoxic drugs specifically?
How do antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) deliver cytotoxic drugs specifically?
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What potential advantage does pegylation confer to liposomal formulations like Doxil?
What potential advantage does pegylation confer to liposomal formulations like Doxil?
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Which drug is an example of an antibody-drug conjugate used in cancer therapy?
Which drug is an example of an antibody-drug conjugate used in cancer therapy?
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What limits the accuracy of elastomeric infusion pumps in medication delivery?
What limits the accuracy of elastomeric infusion pumps in medication delivery?
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What type of rate delivery control do hospital infusion pumps provide?
What type of rate delivery control do hospital infusion pumps provide?
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Study Notes
Depot Injectables
- Suspensions: Slow-dissolving drug suspensions (water or oil) are used for extended release. Drugs must dissolve into molecules to be absorbed. Example: 3-month depot injectables.
- Prodrugs: Inactive "pro-drugs" are metabolized in the body to release the active drug. Lipophilic (fat-soluble) prodrugs dissolve slowly, releasing the active drug over time. Examples: Depo-Testosterone, Invega Sustenna. Invega Sustenna uses a palmitate ester for extended release.
- Bioerodible Microspheres: Drug particles in a biodegradable polymer matrix. Drug release is via polymer diffusion and breakdown. Example: Lupron Depot (polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid). Available in 1-month, 3-month, and 4-month release durations.
Atrigel Delivery System
- Mechanism: Dissolving the drug, liquid injection solidifies the drug into a matrix. Example: SUBLOCADE (buprenorphine) - 1-month subcutaneous release of buprenorphine. Biodegradable, breaks down into lactic and glycolic acid.
Liquid Crystal Nanotubes
- Mechanism: Lanreotide peptide forms nanotubes. Somatuline Depot uses this. Depot forms from nanotubes, releasing medication over 4 weeks (primarily as nanotubes, with a small initial dose from free lanreotide).
Implants
- Subcutaneous Tissue Characteristics: Rich in fat, poor blood/nerve perfusion, low reactivity to foreign matter.
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Polymer Implants: Biodegradable or non-biodegradable polymers control drug release.
- Membrane-Controlled Reservoir Systems: Rate-controlling membrane surrounds a drug reservoir (e.g., Nexplanon, a contraceptive implant, containing contraceptive medication in polyethylene vinyl acetate). Provides up to 3 years of contraception, zero-order release, surgical insertion/removal. Contains barium sulfate for radio-opaqueness.
- Bioerodible Matrix Implants: Biodegradable, no surgical removal. Drug release by diffusion and polymer degradation. Example: contraceptive implant - 1-month or 3-month drug release, composed of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, which are broken down to lactic and glycolic acid by water.
- Gliadel Wafer: Biodegradable intracranial implant delivering carmustine (a chemotherapeutic agent) to residual tumor cells. High concentration delivered locally, minimizing systemic exposure (1000x higher than intravenous dose). Carmustine dispersed in a biodegradable matrix.
Mechanical Implants: Implantable Infusion Pumps
- Mechanism: Pumps deliver medication under pressure. Reservoir, pump, catheter surgically implanted.
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Examples:
- SynchroMed 3: Peristaltic pumping mechanism, refillable reservoir.
- Intrathecal pump for spasticity: For medication delivery to the spinal cord.
- Intrahepatic artery infusion pump (Entera 3000): for targeted liver chemotherapy.
- Programmability: Some pumps (e.g., SynchroMed 3) can be programmed by a physician for personalized pain management (patient-controlled analgesia or PCA).
External Pumps
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Mechanism: Deliver medication using positive pressure.
- Stored energy disposable pumps: Use a spring-loaded, gas pressure or elastic mechanism.
- Hospital infusion pumps: Precise rate control, various delivery modes (continuous, intermittent, bolus).
- Ambulatory infusion pumps: Smaller, portable, for home use.
- PCA pumps: Patient controlled pain medication delivery (within predefined parameters).
- Insulin pumps: Modern ones often integrate with CGM (continuous glucose monitors) for automated insulin delivery. Example: Dexcom G7 CGM system, MiniMed 780g system.
- Elastomeric infusion pumps: Utilise an elastic membrane (balloon), filled with drug fluid. Contraction forces drug fluid through catheter, controlled by flow restrictor; often simpler and portable but less accurate than electronic pumps.
Spatial Control and Targeted Drug Delivery
- Particulate Drug Carriers: Liposomes, albumin nanoparticles, antibodies deliver targeted doses.
- Liposomes: Spherical vesicles containing hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs. Stealth liposomes prevent immediate recognition by macrophages. Example: Doxil (pegylated liposomal doxorubicin), DaunoXome (liposomal daunorubicin), Vyxeos (liposomal daunorubicin and cytarabine), Ambisome (liposomal amphotericin B).
- Albumin Nanoparticles: Example Abraxane (paclitaxel protein-bound particles): using albumin to carry paclitaxel, avoiding toxic excipients. Suspension form administered intravenously in tiny nanoparticles.
- Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs): Example: Besponsa (inotuzumab ozogamicin). Antibody targets leukemia cells, delivers cytotoxic drug into the cancer cell.
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Description
This quiz covers the key concepts related to depot injectables, including suspensions, prodrugs, and bioerodible microspheres. It highlights examples such as Invega Sustenna and Lupron Depot along with their mechanisms of action and release durations.
