Questions and Answers
What does the term 'ethics' derive from in Ancient Greek?
Which branch of philosophy examines values and ethics?
Subjectivism asserts that moral judgments are:
What is the philosophical activity that involves questioning beliefs and assumptions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which example best highlights a subjective moral stance in the context of subjectivism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key aspect of philosophical activity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes the essence of philosophy?
Signup and view all the answers
In naturalism, what role does scientific reasoning play in ethics?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of Deontological Ethics?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best represents Virtue Ethics?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Naturalism suggest about moral terms?
Signup and view all the answers
In the provided example of Deontological Ethics, what action is considered a moral duty?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the study of Metaphysics primarily explore?
Signup and view all the answers
Which step is NOT part of the scientific method as outlined?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key characteristic of critical thinking as defined?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Metaethics primarily seek to understand?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ethical approach would advocate for generosity in a scenario of helping others?
Signup and view all the answers
Which perspective suggests that moral judgments can be true or false?
Signup and view all the answers
Under which normative ethical theory is the morality of an action judged by its consequences?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key aspect of Intuitionism in ethics?
Signup and view all the answers
Which scenario is considered morally acceptable from a consequentialist viewpoint?
Signup and view all the answers
What question does cognitive ethics raise regarding moral behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement reflects a common misconception about moral actions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following illustrates a key principle of Consequentialism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of drawing conclusions in scientific research?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes a virtuous person according to the content?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT part of the guidelines for critical thinking?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a valid approach to philosophical inquiry as mentioned in the content?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'premise' refer to in the context of arguments?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect is emphasized as crucial when evaluating evidence?
Signup and view all the answers
How should one approach the definitions of terms in arguments?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered a key characteristic of logic?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Ethics Overview
- Ethics derives from the Ancient Greek word "ethikos," meaning habit or custom.
- Axiology is a subfield of philosophy focused on values and ethics.
- Philosophy questions truth, existence, knowledge, values, and reason.
Major Ethical Theories
Deontological Ethics
- Concerned with the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions, regardless of consequences.
- Example: Telling the truth is a moral duty even if it leads to negative outcomes.
Consequentialism
- Evaluates the moral worth of an action based on its outcomes.
- Example: A small lie to protect feelings may be considered morally acceptable if it prevents harm.
Virtue Ethics
- Focuses on the character and virtues of individuals in determining moral behavior.
- Example: Advocating for generosity as a virtue, exemplified by helping others in need.
Normative Ethics
- Studies ethical standards and determines what is considered morally good or bad.
- Addresses questions like why one should be moral and how to identify what is right or wrong.
Metaethics
- Examines the meanings of moral terms such as right, good, and virtue.
- Explores questions regarding moral truth and whether moral judgments can be objective.
Intuitionism and Subjectivism
- Intuitionism posits that humans can know good and bad immediately and self-evidently.
- Subjectivism claims moral judgments are subjective and rooted in individual feelings or perspectives.
Cognitivism
- Asserts that moral judgments can be known and can hold truth-values, e.g., "stealing is wrong."
Critical Thinking
- Involves objective analysis and judgment formation, emphasizing skepticism and evidence examination.
- Major steps in the scientific method include stating the problem, formulating hypotheses, gathering data, drawing conclusions, and reporting results.
Philosophy of Religion
- Religion is viewed as a system of beliefs and practices linked to a supernatural force or being.
- Philosophical inquiry employs logic and seeks clarity in human issues, utilizing definitions, evidence, and assumptions to achieve understanding.
Guidelines for Effective Critical Thinking
- Maintain skepticism and an open mind.
- Do not accept claims as truths without rigorous evidence evaluation.
- Examine definitions and avoid oversimplification or overgeneralization.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on deontological ethics, a moral theory that focuses on the righteousness or wrongness of actions themselves. This quiz explores the fundamental principles of rational moral reasoning and its application in ethical decision-making. Dive into the philosophical concepts behind what defines moral actions.
