Dentistry Adhesion and Bonding Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of adhesion in the etch and rinse bonding strategy?

Thermal adhesion

Hydrophobic interaction

Mechanical interlocking (correct)

Chemical bonding

Which of the following is an example of a primer used in dental bonding?

Bis-GMA

UDMA

HEMA (correct)

TEGDMA

What is the objective of etching in dental procedures?

To enhance the color of the resin

To add strength to the dentin

To increase the viscosity of the material

To remove or modify the smear layer (correct)

Which of the following bonding strategies typically involves the use of an acid etch step?

Etch and rinse bonding Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of self-etch bonding systems?

They do not use acid etching Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is NOT typically used for bonding agents?

EDTA Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonding does the universal bonding strategy provide?

It allows for versatility in adhesion techniques. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge associated with bonding to dentin?

Retention issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of all-ceramic restorations?

Ceramics dominated by glass Signup and view all the answers

Which impression material is known for greater accuracy and dimensional stability over time?

Addition silicones Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism controls the setting time of alginates?

Sodium phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of polyether impression materials compared to addition silicones?

Longer shelf life Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about elastomeric materials is correct?

They are flexible cross-linked polymers when set. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of addition silicones in impression making?

They have high tear strength. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does the thickness of all-ceramic restorations have on their use?

Requires more complex cementation methods. Signup and view all the answers

Which impression material should not be stored in water due to absorption concerns?

Polyether Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification requirement for a high noble metal alloy?

More than 40% gold content and greater than 60% noble metal content Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with high noble alloys?

They contain no copper or silver Signup and view all the answers

What does the liquidus temperature indicate in alloy processing?

The upper range temperature at which the alloy melts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of metal alloys are characterized by having less than 25% noble metal content?

Predominantly base metal alloys Signup and view all the answers

How is hardness in metals generally defined?

Ease of indenting or polishing the alloy Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of predominantly base metal alloys?

Controversial biocompatibility and corrosion resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between yield strength, hardness, and polishing difficulty in metals?

Higher yield strength indicates higher hardness and difficulty in polishing Signup and view all the answers

Why is density an important property for metal alloys?

It has implications for metal performance in restorations Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increasing temperature have on setting and working times?

Decreases both setting and working times Signup and view all the answers

How does the proportion of water to powder affect alginate materials?

Thinner mixes decrease mechanical strength Signup and view all the answers

What happens to alginate when stored in water?

Alginate expands due to water absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which property of impression materials refers to their ability to recover to the original shape after stress?

Elastic recovery Signup and view all the answers

Why is tear strength important for impression materials?

It helps the material to resist tearing in thin sections Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of loading speed on the mechanical response of dental materials?

Higher loading speeds result in higher values of modulus Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of alginate as an impression material?

It has low tear strength and limited elasticity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of impression materials behaving as viscoelastic materials?

They demonstrate both elastic and viscous behavior Signup and view all the answers

What type of wax is primarily used to build the contours of dentures and hold the position of denture teeth before processing?

Base plate wax Signup and view all the answers

Which type of base plate wax is suitable for use in a temperate climate?

Type II (medium) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of boxing wax?

It has slight tackiness for attachment. Signup and view all the answers

Which wax is used temporarily to assemble metallic or resin pieces in position?

Sticky wax Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of bite-registration wax in dentistry?

For accurate articulation of opposing arches Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of using accelerators in gypsum setting?

Increases the rate of setting Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in the water-powder ratio affect gypsum products?

Increases setting time and decreases strength Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the consequences of using too much water in gypsum mixing?

Increased porosity and decreased strength Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of temperature on setting time of gypsum materials?

Lower temperature prolongs setting time Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stone experiences the highest expansion during setting?

Plaster Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of humidity affect gypsum materials?

Enhances setting expansion by increasing water absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the general effect of high hardness in dental stones related to alginate?

Higher hardness decreases compatibility with alginate Signup and view all the answers

What role do hardening solutions play in gypsum?

Increase abrasion resistance and decrease setting time Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Guidelines

Review all lecture content (online and live).
Midterm exam is cumulative.
Consult previous guidelines for the exam.
Read the recommended book chapters from the syllabus.
Complete the "Self-Test Questions" at the end of each book chapter.

Adhesion and Bonding

Understand the different types of bonds used in dentistry (mechanical and chemical).
Mechanical interlocking uses surface roughness to create a bond.
Chemical bonding (true adhesion) uses chemical reactions between materials.
Both mechanical and chemical bonding can be used together.
Acid etching prepares the surface for bonding.
37% phosphoric acid and EDTA are used to remove the smear layer without demineralizing the dentin layer.
Functional monomers (e.g., 10-MDP, 4-META, phenyl-P) are used in self-etching systems.
Identify compounds used for bonding agents, primers, and resin composites (e.g., HEMA, 4-META, Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA).
Understand differences between bonding strategies (etch and rinse, self-etch, and universal), and the number of steps/bottles.

Bonding to Dentin

Challenges of bonding include retention, sensitivity, failure, staining, secondary caries, and inflammation.
Degradation of biomaterials, technical preparation, and material handling affect bonding.
Water reduces surface energy in dentin, expansion of the collagen structure, and obstructs resin infiltration.

Metals - Amalgam

Amalgam is a mixture of silver alloy and mercury.
Small quantities of zinc and palladium can be included.
Amalgamation is the reaction between copper, silver, and tin, dissolving into mercury.
Identify gamma phases (1, 2) in amalgamation.

Differences between high copper and low copper amalgams

High copper amalgams have higher strength, less corrosion, reduced creep, and better longevity, but cause long-term expansion due to moisture.
Low copper amalgams are being replaced by high copper, which is stronger and doesn't expand as much.

Differences in Silver Alloy Shapes

Irregular and spherical shapes have different properties (irregular having stronger compressive strength).

Ceramics

Identify the composition, phases (crystal and glass), of dental ceramics.
Glass-dominated ceramics are used primarily for esthetics.
Crystalline-dominated ceramics have higher strength but may not be as translucent.
Crystal base materials of ceramics include leucite, fluorapatite, spinel, zirconia, alumina, lithium disilicate, and lithium silicate.

Ceramic Manufacturing

Identify the different manufacturing methods for ceramics (stacking, pressing, milling, additive manufacturing, and slip casting).

Ceramic Properties

Understand different properties of ceramics (mechanical, thermal).
Ceramics have high compressive strength and moduli, but low tensile strengths and elongation.
Hardness of most glassy or glass-dominated ceramics is substantially higher than enamel.
Understand the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) differences in debonding.

Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM)

Ceramics in restorations include all-ceramic crowns, porcelain fused to gold or metal crowns.

Cements

Identify different types of cements (composition, reaction, main properties) in dentistry (GIC, RMGI, ZOE, Calcium hydroxide).
Types of cements (type I luting, type II for restorative, type III for liners or bases).
Different applications of cements (restorations, temporary fillings, base, pulp-capping agents).

Impression Materials

Types of Impression materials (alginates, elastomeric).
Understand chemical reaction for alginates.
Working time, setting time for impression materials.

Dental Stones

Identify different types of dental stones (differences):
Impression plaster (type I), Dental plaster (type II), Dental stone (type III), High strength/low expansion dental stone (type IV), and High strength/high-expansion dental stone (type V).
Understand and identify the different stone phases: dihydrate, hemihydrate).
Identifying different crystal shapes, forms, and porosity (plaster > dental stone > die stone).
Understand the effect of accelerators and retarders (accelerators increase setting time, retarders decrease it).
Properties of stones (water-powder ratio, hygroscopic, working-setting time, and dimensional accuracy).
Considerations for gypsum materials like set time increase or decrease, porosity and strength, etc,

Dental Waxes (natural/synthetic) (different types)

Understand their application (inlay waxes, casting waxes, base plate waxes) (processing waxes - boxing, beading, utility, sticky) (flow properties - effect of temperature, force, time, residual stress, thermal expansion).

Understand dental waxes - different types(natural & synthetic), effect of temperature on their flow properties (melting point, viscosity), and significance of time and force on flow properties (e.g., resistance to flow during processing).

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Description

Test your knowledge on the principles of adhesion and bonding in dentistry. This quiz covers mechanical and chemical bonding, surface preparation, and the compounds used in bonding agents. Prepare yourself for the midterm exam by reviewing these essential concepts.