Dental Restorative Materials Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which technique is used when chemical adhesion and fluoride release are important?

Flowable composite

Cast gold

Open sandwich technique

Closed sandwich technique (correct)

What is the primary advantage of using resin modified glass ionomer over composite in certain cases?

Greater biocompatibility (correct)

Lower cost

Better esthetics

Higher strength

Which restorative material is specifically mentioned for caries control in inaccessible areas?

Fissure sealant (correct)

Amalgam

Gold foil

Ceramic

What technique helps to decrease polymerization shrinkage during restoration?

Closed sandwich technique Signup and view all the answers

Which option is categorized as an indirect restorative material?

Cast metal Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using the open sandwich technique with glass ionomer?

To simplify polymerization Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is important for reducing C-Factor in restorations?

Correct selection of composite material Signup and view all the answers

Composite materials generally consist of which of the following components?

Matrix, fillers, and an agent Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal characteristic of a composite regarding filler particles?

Highly filled with very small particles Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increasing filler size have according to the information provided?

Increases strength but decreases smoothness Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of particle size for organic fillers mentioned in the content?

1-20 microns Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of microfiller is added to the matrix for organic fillers?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when incorporating very small filler particles into a composite?

It will increase viscosity Signup and view all the answers

What method is used to polymerize organic fillers?

Heat polymerization Signup and view all the answers

What type of fillers result in a smoother composite finish?

Small fillers Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum weight percentage of inorganic fillers often used?

Up to 75% wt Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of flowable materials contributes to lower light scattering?

Lower filler content Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using sonic fill material in terms of light transmission?

Adjustments to refractive index Signup and view all the answers

Which improvement allows bulk fill materials to generate several active radicals per molecule?

More efficient initiators Signup and view all the answers

What is one purpose of modifications to the monomer system in bulk fill materials?

To allow for stress relief during curing Signup and view all the answers

How does free-radical addition fragmentation affect the properties of bulk fill materials?

Decreases stress during polymerization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a feature of bulk restorative materials?

Ability to undergo radical fragmentation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of material is described as translucent and weak?

Flowable materials Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for improving the light transmission in materials used for dental applications?

Modifications to the refractive index Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using organic fillers in composites?

Improved mechanical properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of zirconia/silica spherical nanoclusters used in nanofilled composites?

1 to 4 μm Signup and view all the answers

How does the polishability of composites change with the use of organic fillers?

It increases significantly Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of nanofilled composites compared to traditional composites?

They can achieve similar or better properties than nanohybrid composites Signup and view all the answers

What limitation is associated with the curing process mentioned?

Limited depth of cure Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the properties of nanofilled composites compared to traditional composites?

They exhibit enhanced properties Signup and view all the answers

What type of condensation is used in amalgam fillings?

Incremental, forceful, multidirectional Signup and view all the answers

What could be a disadvantage of using large particles instead of nanoclusters in composites?

Deteriorated mechanical properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the composite bridge in dental restorations?

To stabilize the matrix Signup and view all the answers

Which function does the double-ended instrument serve in the context of dental restorations?

To create tight contacts with composite resins Signup and view all the answers

Where can contacts be selectively positioned in relation to the proximal surface?

In the upper third of the surface Signup and view all the answers

What is typically the first layer applied during a dental restoration?

A flowable resin Signup and view all the answers

What happens after the Contact Pro 2 is positioned into the resin during the restoration process?

A light is positioned against the instrument to cure the resin Signup and view all the answers

What does the compressible resin do in the dental process described?

Fills gaps around the tooth Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after the instrument is removed from the cured resin?

Any holes are filled with additional resin Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended strategy for creating tight contacts during a large interproximal restoration?

Levering against the next tooth with a band Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of contact forming instruments when making composite restorations?

To keep the matrix pressed toward the adjacent tooth during curing Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does a handheld contact forming instrument provide over a separation ring?

It significantly increases contact tightness Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is NOT mentioned in the context of obtaining a good proximal contact in composite restorations?

Ultrasonic scaling technique Signup and view all the answers

What are the sizes available for the OptraContact?

Two sizes for molars and premolars Signup and view all the answers

What feature does the forked working end of the OptraContact provide?

It forms a composite bridge while the first layer is cured Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a technique for ensuring a good proximal contact?

Use of circumferential matrices Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of using a handheld contact forming instrument compared to a separation ring?

Its effect on contact tightness is less pronounced Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of using the pre-polymerized ball technique in composite restorations?

It provides a mechanism for better contact formation Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of increasing the amount of filler in a composite?

It may increase viscosity Signup and view all the answers

What is the particle size range for organic fillers mentioned?

1-20 microns Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the ideal composite filler?

Small sizes for a smoother finish Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of microfiller is typically added to an organic filler matrix?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between filler size and composite characteristics?

Larger fillers contribute to increased strength Signup and view all the answers

What type of polymerization is used with organic fillers?

Heat polymerization Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected effect on viscosity when incorporating very small filler particles into a composite?

Increase in viscosity Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary property enhanced by organic fillers in composites?

Improved mechanical properties Signup and view all the answers

What size range do zirconia/silica spherical nanoclusters typically fall under?

1 to 4 μm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation associated with the curing process in dental materials?

Limited depth of cure Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as the benefit of using nano-spherical fillers in composites?

Replacement of larger particle fillers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes one advantage conferred by organic fillers on a composite's properties?

Better polishability Signup and view all the answers

Which type of condensation technique is used in amalgam fillings?

Incremental, forceful, multidirectional condensation Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of using large particles instead of nanoclusters in composites?

Lower aesthetic quality Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect that shrinkage stress has in composite materials?

Cusp deflection and potential leakage Signup and view all the answers

Which bonding technique helps minimize cuspal deflection during composite application?

Incremental packing technique Signup and view all the answers

What must be done before placing the flowable composite liner?

Use a bonding agent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of flowable composites compared to traditional composites?

Lower filler content Signup and view all the answers

In composite dentistry, what role does the elastic bonding concept play?

It allows for stress distribution within the restoration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of utilizing the guided polymerization technique?

To control the depth of material curing Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of increasing the volume of a composite material in a dental restoration?

Increased polymerization stress Signup and view all the answers

Which material is noted for its fluoride release and is often used as a liner?

Compomer Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with using wavelengths that do not activate photoinitiators?

They increase the overall risk to pulp due to heat. Signup and view all the answers

What causes poor wettability of dental materials to tooth structure?

Hydrophobic nature of the material. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of high polymerization shrinkage in dental materials?

Material pulling away from the enamel and dentin. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the correspondence between light emission spectrum and photoinitiator absorption important?

It is critical for the curing process of the resin. Signup and view all the answers

What is an effect of high viscosity in dental materials?

Poor wettability and adaptation to tooth structure. Signup and view all the answers

What does a high absorption value in photoinitiators imply?

It increases the effectiveness of the curing process. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of using materials with high surface tension?

Reduced ability to wet tooth structure. Signup and view all the answers

How does the hydrophobic characteristic of dental material affect its performance?

It impedes interaction with saliva. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the purposes of applying the matrix and wedge before the adhesive system?

To assess fractures on the cavosurface enamel margins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the wedge in dental procedures?

To stabilize the matrix band and prevent overhangs Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue to avoid when applying adhesive in the presence of a matrix?

Applying excessive adhesive leading to pooling Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to remove excess adhesive before light-curing?

To prevent misdiagnosis of secondary caries Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical situation justifies the preference for applying the matrix and wedge before the adhesive system?

When isolation from contamination is essential Signup and view all the answers

What must be monitored during the placement of the matrix to avoid complications?

Fractures occurring on the cavosurface enamel margins Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of inappropriate matrix and adhesive application techniques?

Increased risk of misdiagnosing non-caries events Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended action if adhesive pooling occurs during the application process?

Remove excess adhesive using a dry applicator Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for inserting a wedge only in one interproximal space at a time during restoration?

To promote greater dental separation Signup and view all the answers

What disadvantage occurs when both wedges are placed at the same time?

It reduces overall teeth separation Signup and view all the answers

Where should the gingival edge of the matrix band be placed relative to the cavosurface angle of the gingival wall?

1 mm below Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is suggested for evaluating the gingival seal of the matrix after wedge placement?

Exploratory probe Signup and view all the answers

How does burnishing the band toward the adjacent tooth help during restoration?

It ensures adequate contact and contour of the band Signup and view all the answers

In the oblique wedge technique, how is the wedge inserted?

From the larger embrasure Signup and view all the answers

What should be evaluated after each wedge placement?

Gingival seal of the matrix Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if the matrix band height is not properly adjusted?

Poor adaptation to the cavity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Restorative Materials Selection

Direct restorative materials include gold foil, modified glass ionomers, amalgam, flowable, and composite resins.
Indirect restorative materials include cast gold, cast metal, composite, and ceramic.
Direct restorations are placed directly into the prepared tooth.
Indirect restorations are fabricated outside the mouth and then cemented into place.

Sandwich Technique

Closed sandwich technique uses an addition of glass ionomer to provide chemical adhesion and fluoride release.
This technique decreases the volume of composite used and decreases polymerization shrinkage stress.
The open sandwich technique is used for deep subgingival margins. Glass ionomer is preferred over composite in this instance due to its biocompatibility

Inorganic Fillers

Inorganic fillers in dental composites come in varying sizes (Megafill, Macrofill, Midi, Mini, Micro, Nano, Hybrid).
Large fillers (macrofill) are less easily polished and more susceptible to superficial stains but have high fracture toughness for strength.
Small fillers (microfill) have high polishability, less susceptibility to staining, and enhanced flexibility, but lower fracture toughness.
The larger fillers provide strength while the smaller fillers smooth the final finish.

Organic Fillers

Organic fillers in dental composites are often 50% microfillers added to the matrix.
The micro-fillers are heat polymerized and ground to a particle size of 1-20 microns.
This addition into the matrix also contains more microfillers.

Nanofilled Composites

Nano-spherical fillers replace large particles with zirconia/silica.
The size of these fillers is 1-4 µm.
Nanofilled composites typically have similar or better properties compared to nanohybrids.

Effective Application

Amalgam: uses incremental, forceful, and multidirectional condensation.
Direct gold: uses incremental, forceful, and multidirectional compaction.

Composites

Composites have a limited depth of cure.
Occlusal layering concepts have horizontal, vertical, and oblique concepts.
Variables affecting curing of composites include curing tip size, distance, angulation, and curing unit type.

Curing Efficiency and Degree of Conversion

Light curing efficiency depends on light emission spectrum matching the photoinitiator absorption.
Wavelengths outside those necessary for photoactivation increase the overall risk of pulp damage from heat generation.

Questionable Adaptation-Composite

Composites exhibit questionable adaptation to tooth structure due to high viscosity and surface tension.
High polymerization shrinkage can cause the material to pull away from the underlying enamel and dentin.

Polymerization Shrinkage Stress

Shrinkage stress occurs due to changes in the resin matrix and inorganic fillers.
Measures of this include C factors and ratios of bound/unbound surfaces.

Effective Application-Composite

Elastic bonding concept
Incremental packing technique
Guided polymerization technique

Elastic Liner

Flowable composite is applied before placing a flowable composite liner if needed.
GIC liner (Ionosit Baseliner) is a compomer, bonds to dentin and composites, and protects the pulp.
It also releases fluoride and is bacteriostatic.

Light Irradiation Protocols (Stress Reducing Method)

Different curing methods, including full power, soft-start, ramped, pulsed, and oscillating, exist for varying dental procedures.
The light intensity is measured in mW/cm^2.

Bulk Fill Composites

Bulk flowable (low viscosity) and Bulk Restorative (high viscosity) are two types of bulk fill materials.
Bulk composites overcome the limitations of a limited depth of cure and high shrinkage stress typically found in conventional composite restorations.
An incremental packing technique is essential for bulk composite placement.

Cusp by Cusp Build-up

Demonstrates a method for building up cusps of teeth.

Matricing and Wedging

Matrix placement may occur before or after the adhesive system, based on the clinical situation.
Wedges separate the teeth and stabilize the matrix, preventing overhangs at the gingival margin.
Types of wedges include plastic, light transmitting/reflecting, and plastic.
Wedge alternation technique involves inserting the wedge into one interproximal space first to separate teeth. Different types of wedges exist, including light transmitting and light reflecting.

Circumferential Matrics

Circumferential matrices are often not the first choice for single proximal restorations of molars or canines due to making contact harder to achieve.
However, for proper application, circumferential matrices can be advantageous.

Sectional Matrices

On MOD preparations, the restoration is preferably started at the distal box.
The wedge and matrix are removed, and a new band and wedge are placed at the mesial box.

Matrices Sealing

Matrix sealing is critical.
Use of OpalDam material or opalDam Green resin barriers is sometimes necessary to hold a matrix in place to prevent leaks.

Proximal Stamp Technique (Custom Rings)

A step-by-step process for proximal restorations. - The technique involves placing a wedge, lubricating the proximal parts of adjacent teeth, and injecting a flowable resin material. - A sectional matrix ring is also used, along with light cure, and wedge removal before restoration of the second tooth.

Establishing Proper Proximal Contact

Some accessory techniques can help obtain good proximal contact in restorations, particularly those done incrementally.
Examples include contact forming instruments, contact forming light conducting tips, and the prepolymerized ball technique.

Contact Forming Instruments (OptraContact & Contact Pro 2)

OptraContact is a forked instrument to form a composite bridge.
Several contact forming types exist, with various features and advantages. Contact Pro 2 is a clear double ended instrument that creates tight contacts.

Contact Forming Light Conducting Tip

Technique involves using a light tip to direct curing light. It is primarily used for establishing contact tightness.

Pre-Polymerized Ball Technique

This technique leverages pre-polymerized material balls to mold restorations into place.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various dental restorative materials and techniques. This quiz covers key concepts such as chemical adhesion, fluoride release, and the characteristics of composite materials. Perfect for dental students and professionals looking to refresh their understanding of restorative dentistry.