Dental Radiography and Sialography Exam
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Questions and Answers

Which structure do we call radiopaque?

  • Every structure that appears dark on a radiograph
  • For example a bone, calcification (correct)
  • Every structure that appears dark on a sonograph

Choose an incorrect statement about the inverted ‘Y’-shaped configuration

  • The inverted ‘Y’-shaped configuration is an anatomical landmark
  • The inverted ‘Y’-shaped configuration is a pathological image (correct)
  • The inverted ‘Y’-shaped configuration is formed by the merging of the anterior border of maxillary sinus and the lateral wall of the nasal fossa. This configuration is seen in the canine or the premolar region

Osteomyelitis usually appears as

  • A radiolucency with ill-defined borders
  • A radioopacity with definite borders (correct)
  • A radioopacity with ill-defined borders

Which out of these structures appear white on a radiograph?

<p>Sialolith, exostosis, enostosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose a correct statement about sialography.

<p>In case of stones within the duct, there will be filling defect distal to the site of obstruction. There can also be dilatation of the duct proximal to the obstruction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient would you allow to undergo CT examination with contrast agent?

<p>Patient with hyperthyroidism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose a correct statement about the dental cone beam imaging.

<p>An x-ray beam with a cone-shaped is moved around the patient to produce a large amount of images. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the correct statement about MRI.

<p>Heart pacemaker is a contraindication for MRI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose an incorrect statement about arthrography.

<p>Arthrography may reveal soft tissue changes not visualized in conventional radiographs such as fibrosis, alteration in the structure of the disk, scarring and fibrosis of the capsule following trauma, and as part of evaluation after TMJ surgery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The advantage of this method lies in ability to be used in patients who cannot open the mouth or when the opening is restricted.

<p>The advantage of this method lies in ability to be used in patients who cannot open the mouth or when the opening is restricted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intraoral radiography is

<p>An imaging technique to visualize oral structures taken by placing film in oral cavity while an X-ray source is outside oral cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intraoral radiography: paralleling technique

<p>Is an imagining technique, which uses the central x-ray beam directed perpendicular to an imaginary bisector that bisects the angle formed by the long axis of the tooth and the film (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intraoral radiography: bisecting angle technique

<p>This technique requires more exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

3 basic views used in intraoral radiography are

<p>Periapical view, bitewing view, occlusal view (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bitewing view radiograph

<p>Is an image that depicts the maxillary and mandibular crowns of the teeth, providing a clear image of the interproximal surfaces of the teeth and allowing for detection of interproximal caries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose a correct statement

<p>The indication for using occlusal projection is to study maxillary and mandibular arches. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dental caries appears as

<p>Radiolucent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose a correct statement about dental caries

<p>Cervical burnout might radiographically resemble dental caries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Periodontal diseases

<p>An important factor helping in the diagnosis of periodontal disease is the radiographic relationship of cementoenamel junction (CEJ) with the crest of the alveolus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose an incorrect statement about trauma

<p>The radiographic features of fracture of the jaws is a fracture line which radiographically appears as a radiopaque line. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose a correct statement about cysts

<p>Radiographically cysts appear as radiolucent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose a correct disease of the TMJ for this description: narrowing of the joint space, irregular joint space, subchondral sclerosis, cyst-like areas, osteophytes, facet formation on the condylar head

<p>Degenerative joint disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose an incorrect statement about Barium sulfate suspension

<p>It is a contrast media usually administered intravenously. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Codman's triangle is associated with:

<p>Destructive bone cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Claudication pains are:

<p>Lower limb pain after exertion, and later also at rest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During contrast MR examination:

<p>Organo-specific and non-specific gadolinium contrast agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rays x (X-rays) discovered:

<p>Wilhelm Conrad X-ray (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A contraindication to CT angiography is:

<p>Positive allergic history for iodine preparations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

We are the first to indicate a USG investigation on suspicion of:

<p>Cholecystolithiasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To examine the abdominal organs we use:

<p>Convex probe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lowest density at CT examination has:

<p>Air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diagnosis of brain tumors:

<p>It is best to view the brain by MR examination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tumors growing into GIT lumens by contrast examination produce:

<p>Plus refill (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most effective remedy against chronic radiation sickness disease with ionizing radiation is:

<p>Do not carry out ionizing radiation examination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Liver biopsy can be navigated using:

<p>CT, ultrasound - USG, MR and densitometry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The essence of the USG examination is:

<p>The ability of USG waves to penetrate and reflect tissue structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Liver biopsy under USG or CT:

<p>Is carried out as a method of choice because it is highly safe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Depending on the nature, we classify musculoskeletal diseases into:

<p>Degenerative, inflammatory, traumatic, neoplasms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pulmonary embolism is:

<p>Presence of a blood clot (thromboembol) in the lung arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Types of fractures:

<p>Dislocated, fragmentary, compressive, pathological, stress fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Malignant tumors of the stomach cause barium contrast in X-ray examination agent:

<p>Defects in the filling of various shapes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Krukenbergs tumor is:

<p>Ovarian tumor metastasizing to the colon, stomach and pancreas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

X-ray enteroclysis is:

<p>Special examination of small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Colitis ulcerosa is:

<p>Chronic inflammation of the colon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coxarthrosis is:

<p>Degenerative disease of the hip (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The manifestation of what disease are osteophytes and sclerotisation of vertebrates:

<p>Degenerative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most sensitive method of diagnosing pancreatic tumor is:

<p>CT examination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

CEUS is:

<p>Abbreviation for contrast sonography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

WHICH METHOD IS USED TO VISUALIZE THE DUCTUS OF THE PANCREAS?

<p>ERCP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Radiopaque Structure

A structure that appears white on a radiograph, due to its ability to absorb X-rays. Examples include bone, calcification, and sialoliths.

Inverted 'Y'-shaped Configuration

An anatomical landmark formed by the merging of the anterior border of the maxillary sinus and the lateral wall of the nasal fossa. It is visible in the canine or premolar region.

Osteomyelitis

An infection of the bone, often appearing as a radiolucency (dark area) with ill-defined borders on a radiograph.

Sialography

A diagnostic procedure that uses contrast agent to visualize the salivary glands and their ducts.

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CT Examination with Contrast

A CT scan where a contrast agent (usually iodine-based) is injected into the bloodstream, helping to highlight blood vessels and tissues.

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Dental Cone Beam Imaging

A specialized type of X-ray imaging that provides 3D images of the teeth, jaw, and surrounding structures.

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MRI Contraindication - Pacemaker

A heart pacemaker is a contraindication for MRI because the strong magnetic field can interfere with its function.

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T1-weighted MRI

A type of MRI image where fat appears brighter than water. In the brain, fat is in white matter, making it appear brighter than gray matter.

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Arthrography

A diagnostic procedure that uses contrast agent to visualize the joints, especially the temporomandibular joint.

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Panoramic Radiography

A type of X-ray technique that captures a single, wide image of the upper and lower teeth and jaws.

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Intraoral Radiography

A type of X-ray technique where the film is placed inside the mouth to capture images of individual teeth and surrounding bone.

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Paralleling Technique

A technique in intraoral radiography where the film is placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth, minimizing distortion.

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Bisecting Angle Technique

A technique in intraoral radiography where the X-ray beam is directed perpendicular to an imaginary line that bisects the angle between the tooth and the film.

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Bitewing View

A type of intraoral radiograph that captures images of the crowns and interproximal surfaces of teeth, used to detect cavities.

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Occlusal Projection

A type of radiograph that captures images of the entire tooth arch, used to diagnose impacted teeth or jaw fractures.

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Dental Caries

Tooth decay, appearing as a radiolucency (dark area) on a radiograph.

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Periodontal Disease

Gum disease, affecting the gums and the bone supporting the teeth. Radiographs can show bone loss and changes in the cementoenamel junction.

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Dentigerous Cyst

A cyst that forms around the crown of an unerupted tooth. It appears as a well-defined radiolucency on a radiograph.

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Ameloblastoma

A benign tumor of the jaw, often appearing as a multilocular (multi-chambered) radiolucency on a radiograph.

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Barium Sulfate Suspension

A contrast agent used to visualize the gastrointestinal tract on an X-ray.

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CT Ureterography

A CT scan specifically used to visualize the kidneys and ureters, often with contrast agent to enhance the image.

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HRCT

High-resolution computed tomography, used to visualize smaller details in the lungs, particularly helpful for interstitial lung disease.

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Pneumothorax

A collapsed lung, appearing as a dark area on a chest X-ray with absence of vascular drawing.

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Hounsfield Units

A unit of measurement used to quantify the density of tissues on a CT scan, with air being -1000 and bone around 1000.

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USG Examination

Ultrasound examination, uses sound waves to create images of internal organs and structures. It's non-invasive and does not use ionizing radiation.

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Arteriosclerosis

Hardening of the arteries due to plaque buildup, often contributing to cardiovascular disease.

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Coiling Aneurysms

A procedure to treat brain aneurysms by placing tiny platinum coils inside the aneurysm to prevent rupture.

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Crohn's Disease

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly the terminal ileum.

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Avulsion Fracture

A type of fracture where a piece of bone is pulled away from the main bone by a ligament or tendon.

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Study Notes

Examination for dentists

  • Radiopaque structures: Appear dark on a radiograph, examples include bone and calcification.
  • Inverted 'Y' configuration: Formed by the merging of the anterior border of the maxillary sinus and the lateral wall of the nasal fossa. It's an anatomical landmark seen in canine or premolar regions, not a pathological image.
  • Osteomyelitis: Appears as a radiopacity with ill-defined borders.
  • Radiographically white structures: Sialolith, exostosis, enostosis, odontogenic keratocysts
  • Sialography:
    • Allows visualization of the salivary duct system
    • Filling defects distal to obstructions and ductal dilatation proximal to obstructions can be detected in cases of stones.
    • Autoimmune diseases like Sjögren's syndrome can not be detected on a sialograph.
    • Acute parotid patients can undergo sialography.
  • CT examination with contrast:
    • Pregnant patients are not suitable for CT examination containing contrast agent.
    • Patients with hyperthyroidism are not suitable for CT examination containing contrast agent.
    • Patients with acute head injury and suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage can be tested with CT with contrast agents.
  • Dental cone beam imaging:
    • X-ray beam with a cone shape moves around the patient to create many images in the procedure.
    • Useful in orthodontics
    • Temporomandibular joint disorders can be visualized with this technology
  • MRI:
    • Dental implants are not suitable for MRI
    • Heart pacemakers are contraindicated for MRI.
    • MRI is useful to distinguish malignant from normal tissues.

Additional Topics

  • Arthrography: Contrast agents are injected into joint spaces for radiographic analysis. Useful in diagnosing joint infections, fibrosis, and soft tissue changes related to TMJ surgery.
  • Panoramic Radiography: Advantages include suitability for patients with restricted mouth openings. Intraoral films are sharper than panoramic films.
  • Intraoral Radiography - Paralleling Technique: Uses a central x-ray beam directed perpendicular to the imaginary bisector of the tooth and film. Periapical projections and bitewing projections can be created through this technique.
  • Intraoral Radiography - Bisecting Angle Technique: Film is kept close to the teeth during this imaging. Commonly used rather than the paralleling technique.
  • Basic views for intraoral radiography: Periapical view, bitewing view, and occlusal view.
  • Bitewing view radiograph: Used in assessing interproximal areas of teeth, looking for interproximal caries.
  • Occlusal projection: Used to visualize the maxillary and mandibular arches, used in interproximal caries cases.
  • Dental caries: Radiolucent appearance, not radiopaque.
  • Periodontal diseases: Radiographic assessment involves the relationship between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the crest of the alveolus.
  • Trauma: Radiographic findings are essential for assessing fractures and luxation.
  • Cysts: Radiographically appear as radiolucent lesions.
  • Tumors: Radiographically might feature radiopacity or multilocular cyst-like appearance.
  • TMJ (temporomandibular joint) disease: Marked by joint space narrowing, sclerosis, cysts, osteophytes, and facet formation on the condylar head.
  • Contrast media: -Barium sulfate suspension is used to improve visualization of the gastrointestinal tract. -It's usually taken orally or rectally. -It's not injected intravenously.
  • MRI: Iodine contrasts enhance MRI images. T1-weighted MRI showing the brain gray matter darker than white matter.

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Test your knowledge of dental radiography, including characteristics of radiopaque structures and the significance of various anatomical landmarks. Explore key concepts related to sialography and CT examinations in dentistry for a comprehensive understanding of imaging techniques.

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