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Questions and Answers
What is dental plaque?
What is dental plaque?
- Bacterial accumulation on the teeth
- Soft sticky and colorless deposit that accumulates on the teeth (correct)
- Green deposit that accumulates on the teeth
- Hard and yellow deposit that accumulates on the teeth
What is the primary purpose of plaque control?
What is the primary purpose of plaque control?
- To promote the growth of dental plaque
- To remove microbial plaque and prevent its accumulation (correct)
- To change the color of dental plaque
- To encourage bacterial accumulation on teeth
What is the first step in plaque formation?
What is the first step in plaque formation?
- Matrix formation
- Plaque growth and maturation
- Attachment of bacteria to the pellicle
- Formation of the pellicle (correct)
Which type of toothbrush promotes cleanliness of teeth and oral cavity, according to ADA's Council on Dental Therapeutics?
Which type of toothbrush promotes cleanliness of teeth and oral cavity, according to ADA's Council on Dental Therapeutics?
What are examples of interdental aids for plaque control?
What are examples of interdental aids for plaque control?
What is the purpose of mechanical plaque control aids?
What is the purpose of mechanical plaque control aids?
Which type of toothbrush is described as the 'most classic and principal method employed in oral hygiene'?
Which type of toothbrush is described as the 'most classic and principal method employed in oral hygiene'?
What is the second step in plaque formation?
What is the second step in plaque formation?
What should manual toothbrushes confirm to according to the provided text?
What should manual toothbrushes confirm to according to the provided text?
What are examples of aids for gingival stimulation in plaque control?
What are examples of aids for gingival stimulation in plaque control?
What is the purpose of chemical plaque control aids?
What is the purpose of chemical plaque control aids?
What is the primary purpose of tongue scrapers in plaque control?
What is the primary purpose of tongue scrapers in plaque control?
Which of the following is a suitable cleaning aid for large, irregular, or concave tooth surfaces adjacent to wide interdental spaces?
Which of the following is a suitable cleaning aid for large, irregular, or concave tooth surfaces adjacent to wide interdental spaces?
What is the main purpose of using water irrigation devices such as Water Pik?
What is the main purpose of using water irrigation devices such as Water Pik?
What is the ideal requisites of an antiplaque agent according to the text?
What is the ideal requisites of an antiplaque agent according to the text?
Which agent is effective against gram positive and gram negative organisms and inhibits plaque growth and reduces gingivitis?
Which agent is effective against gram positive and gram negative organisms and inhibits plaque growth and reduces gingivitis?
What is the main function of metallic ions in plaque control, as mentioned in the text?
What is the main function of metallic ions in plaque control, as mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is a characteristic of quaternary ammonium compounds mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is a characteristic of quaternary ammonium compounds mentioned in the text?
What is the main function of enzymes used in antiplaque preparations?
What is the main function of enzymes used in antiplaque preparations?
Which of the following is considered an ideal property of disclosing agents according to the text?
Which of the following is considered an ideal property of disclosing agents according to the text?
Which of these properties is NOT considered an ideal property of disclosing agents according to the text?
Which of these properties is NOT considered an ideal property of disclosing agents according to the text?
What is the main function of iodine preparations used as disclosing agents?
What is the main function of iodine preparations used as disclosing agents?
What is the mechanism of action of disclosing agents when applied to the teeth?
What is the mechanism of action of disclosing agents when applied to the teeth?
What is the purpose of dental floss?
What is the purpose of dental floss?
Which factor is NOT considered in the selection of interdental cleaning aids?
Which factor is NOT considered in the selection of interdental cleaning aids?
What is the BASS METHOD most widely accepted and effective for?
What is the BASS METHOD most widely accepted and effective for?
What is the main advantage of powered toothbrushes?
What is the main advantage of powered toothbrushes?
What are sonic & ultrasonic toothbrushes designed to aid in?
What are sonic & ultrasonic toothbrushes designed to aid in?
What do ionic toothbrushes change the surface charge of?
What do ionic toothbrushes change the surface charge of?
What is the section that connects the head and handle of a toothbrush called?
What is the section that connects the head and handle of a toothbrush called?
What determines the stiffness of toothbrush bristles?
What determines the stiffness of toothbrush bristles?
What are powered toothbrushes also known as?
What are powered toothbrushes also known as?
What is the purpose of dentifrices?
What is the purpose of dentifrices?
What is the application technique for dental floss called where a loop or circle is made from a long piece?
What is the application technique for dental floss called where a loop or circle is made from a long piece?
What does the BASS METHOD help in locating during plaque removal?
What does the BASS METHOD help in locating during plaque removal?
Manual toothbrushes are designed primarily to promote cleanliness of teeth and oral cavity.
Manual toothbrushes are designed primarily to promote cleanliness of teeth and oral cavity.
Toothbrushes should easily and effectively manipulated.
Toothbrushes should easily and effectively manipulated.
Sonic and ultrasonic toothbrushes are not designed to aid in oral hygiene.
Sonic and ultrasonic toothbrushes are not designed to aid in oral hygiene.
Interdental aids for plaque control include dental floss, interdental brushes, and wooden tips.
Interdental aids for plaque control include dental floss, interdental brushes, and wooden tips.
Gingival massage is not considered an aid for gingival stimulation in plaque control.
Gingival massage is not considered an aid for gingival stimulation in plaque control.
The main function of metallic ions in plaque control is matrix formation.
The main function of metallic ions in plaque control is matrix formation.
Disclosing agents change the surface charge of the teeth.
Disclosing agents change the surface charge of the teeth.
Quaternary ammonium compounds have no characteristic mentioned in the text.
Quaternary ammonium compounds have no characteristic mentioned in the text.
Powered toothbrushes have no advantages over manual toothbrushes.
Powered toothbrushes have no advantages over manual toothbrushes.
Ionic toothbrushes change the surface charge of the teeth.
Ionic toothbrushes change the surface charge of the teeth.
The BASS METHOD is not widely accepted and effective for plaque control.
The BASS METHOD is not widely accepted and effective for plaque control.
Enzymes used in antiplaque preparations serve no function in plaque control.
Enzymes used in antiplaque preparations serve no function in plaque control.
The brushing surface of a toothbrush is formed by the free ends of bristles/filaments.
The brushing surface of a toothbrush is formed by the free ends of bristles/filaments.
The shank of a toothbrush connects the head and handle.
The shank of a toothbrush connects the head and handle.
The stiffness of toothbrush bristles depends on the number of filaments in a tuft.
The stiffness of toothbrush bristles depends on the number of filaments in a tuft.
Powered toothbrushes are also known as automatic, mechanical, and electrical toothbrushes.
Powered toothbrushes are also known as automatic, mechanical, and electrical toothbrushes.
Sonic and ultrasonic toothbrushes produce high frequency vibrations that aid in stain removal and disruption of bacterial cell wall.
Sonic and ultrasonic toothbrushes produce high frequency vibrations that aid in stain removal and disruption of bacterial cell wall.
The Bass method is effective for plaque removal and provides good gingival stimulus.
The Bass method is effective for plaque removal and provides good gingival stimulus.
Dentifrice is a substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning the accessible surfaces of the teeth.
Dentifrice is a substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning the accessible surfaces of the teeth.
Dental floss is indicated to remove plaque from interproximal surfaces and under the pontics of fixed partial dentures.
Dental floss is indicated to remove plaque from interproximal surfaces and under the pontics of fixed partial dentures.
Dental floss can be used for locating subgingival calculus deposits and proximal caries.
Dental floss can be used for locating subgingival calculus deposits and proximal caries.
The spool method and circle or loop method are techniques for using dental floss.
The spool method and circle or loop method are techniques for using dental floss.
Dental floss should be gently passed through each contact area with a firm back and forth motion.
Dental floss should be gently passed through each contact area with a firm back and forth motion.
Natural toothpaste should be dispersed in gel form between bristles rather than on top half of the toothbrush.
Natural toothpaste should be dispersed in gel form between bristles rather than on top half of the toothbrush.
Tongue scrapers are primarily used for removing debris from the surface of the teeth.
Tongue scrapers are primarily used for removing debris from the surface of the teeth.
Chlorhexidine is effective against gram-positive, gram-negative, fungi, yeast, and viruses.
Chlorhexidine is effective against gram-positive, gram-negative, fungi, yeast, and viruses.
Wooden tips are triangular in cross-section and are inserted into gingival embrasures with the base of the triangle oriented away from the gingiva.
Wooden tips are triangular in cross-section and are inserted into gingival embrasures with the base of the triangle oriented away from the gingiva.
Powered interdental toothbrushes are not available for cleaning large, irregular, or concave tooth surfaces adjacent to wide interdental spaces.
Powered interdental toothbrushes are not available for cleaning large, irregular, or concave tooth surfaces adjacent to wide interdental spaces.
Chemical plaque control is not considered an ideal adjunct to mechanical plaque control procedures.
Chemical plaque control is not considered an ideal adjunct to mechanical plaque control procedures.
Water irrigation devices are mainly composed of a built-in pump and a nozzle.
Water irrigation devices are mainly composed of a built-in pump and a nozzle.
Delmopinol interferes with plaque matrix formation and increases bacterial adherence.
Delmopinol interferes with plaque matrix formation and increases bacterial adherence.
Nonprescription essential oil rinses are not accepted by the ADA as plaque control agents.
Nonprescription essential oil rinses are not accepted by the ADA as plaque control agents.
Vancomycin, Erythromycin, Nidamycin, and Kanamycin have been widely used as agents for plaque control.
Vancomycin, Erythromycin, Nidamycin, and Kanamycin have been widely used as agents for plaque control.
Metallic ions have a plaque inhibitory capacity by increasing the glycolytic activity in microorganisms and accelerating bacterial growth.
Metallic ions have a plaque inhibitory capacity by increasing the glycolytic activity in microorganisms and accelerating bacterial growth.
Enzymes are used as active agents in antiplaque preparation because they can break down already formed matrix of plaque and calculus.
Enzymes are used as active agents in antiplaque preparation because they can break down already formed matrix of plaque and calculus.
Interproximal brushes are particularly suitable for cleaning small, regular, or convex tooth surfaces adjacent to narrow interdental spaces.
Interproximal brushes are particularly suitable for cleaning small, regular, or convex tooth surfaces adjacent to narrow interdental spaces.
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Study Notes
- Dental plaque is a soft, sticky, colorless deposit that accumulates on teeth and requires prevention and removal through plaque control.
- Plaque control refers to the removal of microbial plaque and prevention of its accumulation on teeth and adjacent gingival tissues.
- Formation of dental plaque involves the attachment of bacteria to the pellicle, bacterial accumulation and colonization, plaque growth and maturation, and matrix formation.
Toothbrushing and dentifrices:
- Toothbrushes are the most common method for oral hygiene and are primarily designed for teeth cleaning.
- Types of toothbrushes include manual, powered, sonic & ultrasonic, and ionic toothbrushes.
- Manual toothbrushes should conform to individual patient requirements, be easily cleaned, effectively manipulated, durable, inexpensive, and designed for utility efficiency and cleanliness.
- Parts of a toothbrush include the brushing surface, tufts, shank, handle, and toothbrush bristles.
- Powered toothbrushes mimic the action of manual toothbrushes, oscillate in a side-to-side motion or rotary motion, and have indications for young children, handicapped patients, individuals with prosthodontic and endosseous implants, orthodontic patients, and patients on supportive periodontal therapy.
- Advantages of powered toothbrushes include increased patient motivation, improved accessibility in interproximal and lingual tooth surfaces, no specific brushing technique required, reduced brushing force, and incorporated brushing timer.
- Sonic and ultrasonic toothbrushes produce high-frequency vibrations for stain removal and disruption of bacterial cell walls.
- Ionic toothbrushes change the surface charge of teeth and repel plaque with similar charge using negatively charged bristles.
Bass method for plaque removal:
- The Bass method is the most widely accepted and effective method for plaque removal.
- It is recommended for all patients for dental plaque removal adjacent to and directly beneath the gingival margins, particularly for open interproximal areas, cervical areas, beneath the height of contour of enamel, and exposed root surfaces.
- The bristles are placed at a 45-degree angle to the gingiva and moved in a circular stroke for 20 times, 3 teeth at a time.
- The lingual aspect of the anterior teeth is cleaned vertically with the brush's heel passed into the gingival sulcus.
Dentifrices:
- A dentifrice is a substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning the accessible surfaces of the teeth.
- The application of dentifrice involves a pea-sized dab on the toothbrush between bristles for adults and half the amount for children under 6 years of age.
- Types of dentifrices include natural toothpaste, toothpaste for children, and whitening toothpaste.
Interdental cleaning aids:
- Special efforts and devices are required for the removal of plaque from interdental areas, especially for posterior molars.
- Factors in the selection of interdental cleaning aids include the type of gingival embrasures, alignment of teeth, fixed prosthesis or orthodontic appliances, open furcation areas, and contact areas.
- Dental floss is indicated for the removal of plaque from interproximal surfaces and is available in various forms such as multifilament, twisted/non-twisted, bonded/non-bonded, thick/thin, and waxed/non-waxed.
- Functions of dental floss include the removal of adherent plaque and food debris, polishing of tooth surfaces, and stimulating and massaging interdental papillae.
- The technique for using dental floss involves the spool method or the circle or loop method.
Interproximal/interdental brushes:
- Interproximal/interdental brushes are cone-shaped or cylindrical brushes suitable for cleaning large, irregular, or concave tooth surfaces adjacent to wide interdental spaces.
- They are inserted through wide interdental spaces and moved back and forth with short strokes.
- Powered interdental tooth brushes are also available.
Wooden tips:
- Manufactured from orange wood and triangular in cross section, wooden tips are inserted into gingival embrasures with the base oriented towards the gingiva.
Gingival massage:
- Mechanical stimulation of the gingiva through tooth brushing, interdental cleansing, or simple finger massage leads to increased keratinization, increased blood flow, and increased GCF flow within the gingival sulcus.
Water irrigation devices:
- Valuable supplement for mechanical plaque control measures, water irrigation devices are beneficial in the removal of unattached plaque and debris and can deliver antimicrobial agents such as chlorhexidine subgingivally.
Tongue scrapers:
- Defined as the process of removing debris from the surface of the tongue with a scraper designed for this purpose, tongue scrapers can be used by brushing or with tongue cleaning devices.
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