Dental Biofilm and Plaque Control
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between supragingival and subgingival biofilm?

  • Supragingival biofilm is found on the chewing surfaces of teeth, while subgingival biofilm is found on the sides of teeth.
  • Supragingival biofilm is typically visible as plaque, while subgingival biofilm is not.
  • Supragingival biofilm is harder to remove than subgingival biofilm.
  • Supragingival biofilm forms above the gumline, while subgingival biofilm forms below the gumline. (correct)

    • Which of the following is a condition caused by excessive fluoride intake during tooth development?

  • Dental Fluorosis (correct)
  • Dental Calculus
  • Extrinsic Stain
  • Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

    • Which of the following directly contributes to the formation of dental calculus?

  • Dental Biofilm (correct)
  • Acquired Pellicle
  • Food Debris
  • Material Alba

    • What is the primary function of the acquired pellicle in the context of dental biofilm formation?

    <p>To provide a foundation for bacteria to attach and form biofilm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of material alba?

    <p>It is a soft, white, creamy mass that is easily removed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor contributing to the development of dental decay?

    <p>The production of acid by bacteria in dental biofilm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using an index in dental practice?

    <p>To measure and quantify the severity of dental conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is most likely to be a cause of intrinsic tooth stain?

    <p>Tetracycline medication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical pH for root surface demineralization?

    <p>6.0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions is NOT a contraindication for polishing?

    <p>Pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of stain that forms within the tooth structure?

    <p>Endogenous stain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a disclosing solution?

    <p>To visualize dental plaque (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using selective polishing over coronal polishing?

    <p>Selective polishing is less abrasive to tooth enamel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brushing technique is typically recommended for patients with orthodontic appliances?

    <p>Charter's (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of "Gram-positive cocci" in the formation of dental biofilm?

    <p>They are responsible for the initial colonization of the biofilm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the "C-shape" flossing technique?

    <p>The floss is wrapped around each tooth in a C-shape to clean both sides and below the gumline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between chlorhexidine and alexidine as antimicrobial agents?

    <p>Alexidine is potentially associated with fewer side effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended angle for placing the toothbrush when using the Modified Bass Brushing Method?

    <p>45 degrees to the gumline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Prevalence

    Total number of cases of a dental condition in a population at a specific time.

    Epidemiology

    Study of distribution and determinants of health conditions in populations.

    Biofilm formation time

    Gram-positive cocci start colonizing biofilm in 2 to 4 days.

    Gingivitis onset

    Gingivitis begins developing after 2 to 3 weeks of biofilm accumulation.

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    Critical pH for enamel

    Enamel demineralization critical pH is around 5.5.

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    Chlorhexidine

    An antimicrobial agent that reduces plaque and gingivitis.

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    C-shape flossing technique

    Floss curves around each tooth in a 'C' shape for cleaning.

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    End-tufted brushes

    Small brushes ideal for cleaning hard-to-reach areas in the mouth.

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    Modified Bass brushing method

    Toothbrush is at 45-degree angle to gumline for effective cleaning.

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    Fones brushing technique

    Involves brushing in large circular motions; ideal for children.

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    Biofilm

    A complex community of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces and are embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances.

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    Acquired Pellicle

    A thin, colorless film that forms on teeth from saliva shortly after cleaning.

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    Dental Biofilm

    A sticky, colorless film of bacteria that forms on teeth, leading to dental issues if not removed.

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    Dental Calculus (Tartar)

    A hardened form of dental biofilm that mineralizes when plaque is not removed.

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    Plaque

    A soft, sticky film of bacteria and food particles that forms on teeth, contributing to dental decay.

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    Dental Decay

    Damage to teeth caused by acid produced by bacteria in biofilm, eroding tooth enamel.

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    Subgingival Biofilm

    Biofilm that forms below the gumline in periodontal pockets, potentially leading to disease.

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    Extrinsic Stain

    Stains on the outer surface of teeth caused by food, drinks, smoking, or poor hygiene.

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    Study Notes

    Dental Biofilm and Plaque Control

    • Biofilm: A sticky layer of bacteria adhering to surfaces, like teeth, embedded in an extracellular matrix. It can lead to tooth decay, gingivitis, and periodontal disease.

    • Acquired Pellicle: A thin, colorless film forming on teeth after cleaning, composed of saliva proteins. It provides a base for biofilm development.

    • Material Alba: A soft, white, creamy mass on teeth, composed of dead cells, food debris, bacteria, and mucin. More easily removed than biofilm.

    • Dental Biofilm: A sticky, colorless bacterial film on teeth. It's a key factor in dental problems.

    • Food Debris: Food particles remaining in the mouth post-eating, contributing to plaque and biofilm formation.

    • Dental Calculus (Tartar): Hardened dental biofilm from plaque not being removed, mineralized by calcium and phosphate.

    • Plaque: A soft, sticky film of bacteria and food particles on teeth, leading to decay and gum disease.

    • Dental Decay (Caries): Damage to teeth caused by acids produced by bacteria in biofilm, eroding enamel.

    • Supragingival Biofilm: Biofilm above the gum line, often visible as plaque on chewing surfaces and along the gumline.

    • Subgingival Biofilm: Biofilm below the gumline in periodontal pockets, potentially causing periodontal disease.

    Dental Conditions and Treatments

    • Dental Fluorosis: Tooth enamel changes from excessive fluoride intake during development (white spots/streaks).

    • Intrinsic Stain: Stains within tooth structure, from trauma, medication (like tetracycline), or excess fluoride.

    • Extrinsic Stain: Stains on tooth surfaces from food, drinks (like coffee/tea), smoking, or poor hygiene.

    • Dentinogenesis Imperfecta: Genetic condition affecting tooth dentin, causing discoloration, brittleness, and breakage.

    • Indices: Numerical measures quantifying dental conditions (plaque, gingivitis).

    • Prevalence: Total number of cases of a dental condition in a population.

    • Epidemiology: Study of health conditions' distribution and determinants in populations, including dental diseases.

    Biofilm Formation and Plaque Control

    • Gram-positive cocci colonization (time): Colonization typically begins within 2-4 days.

    • Gingivitis development (time): Gingivitis can develop 2-3 weeks after biofilm accumulation.

    • Critical pH for demineralization: Enamel: ~5.5; Root surfaces: ~6.0.

    • Chlorhexidine and Alexidine (use): Antimicrobial agents to reduce plaque and gingivitis.

    • Plaque Indices (use): Clinical method to quantify plaque on tooth surfaces.

    • Selective Polishing (procedure): Polishing affected areas only.

    • Coronal Polishing (procedure): Polishing the tooth crown to remove plaque, stains, and debris.

    • Contraindications for polishing: Respiratory issues, uncontrolled diabetes, infective endocarditis, immune compromise, allergies.

    Cleaning Techniques and Tools

    • Disclosing Solutions (use): Visualizing dental plaque.

    • Endogenous Stain (nature): Stain within tooth structure.

    • Air Powder Polishing (technique): Removing plaque, stains, and debris using air, water, and abrasive powder.

    • Polishing Paste (use): Smoothing tooth surfaces and removing stains.

    • Polishing Brush (use): Apply paste to remove plaque and stains.

    • Polishing Cup (use): Hold paste for polishing.

    • Modified Bass Brushing (technique): 45-degree angle to gumline, gentle circular/vibrating motions.

    • C-shape Flossing (technique): "C" shape around each tooth; up-and-down motions.

    • Charter's Brushing (technique): 45-degree angle, small, circular motions to massage gums.

    • End-tufted brushes (use): Cleaning hard-to-reach areas (brackets, gumline, wide spaces).

    • Fones Technique (technique): Toothbrush held perpendicular; large, circular motions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on dental biofilm and plaque control through this quiz. Explore key concepts such as biofilm formation, acquired pellicle, material alba, and the importance of maintaining oral hygiene. Perfect for dental students and professionals alike.

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