Pathway 13-8-3 Local and Humoral Control of Blood Flow
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Pathway 13-8-3 Local and Humoral Control of Blood Flow

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of endothelin-1 in the dental pulp microvascular bed?

  • Modulates shear forces on endothelial cells
  • Causes vasodilation in basal conditions
  • Reduces pulpal blood flow through close intraarterial infusions (correct)
  • Regulates blood flow in response to local tissue demands

    • Which substance is likely released from ischemic tissue and plays a significant role in vasodilation?

  • Angiotensin II
  • Adenosine (correct)
  • DOPA
  • Epinephrine

    • What effect does angiotensin II have on pulpal blood vessels?

  • Acts as a vasodilator in response to hypoxia
  • Induces vasodilation through AT1 receptors
  • Enhances nitric oxide release
  • Exerts a vasoconstrictive basal tone (correct)

    • Which of the following substances are involved in the vasodilatory process in pulpal vessels?

    <p>Prostacyclin and NO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the shear forces from blood flow affect the endothelial cells in pulpal vessels?

    <p>Enhance the synthesis of nitric oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Local Control of Blood Flow

    • Endothelin-1, found in the lining of pulpal blood vessels, can reduce blood flow when directly applied, but does not affect the resting vascular tone

    • The lining of pulpal blood vessels releases vasodilators like prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO) to regulate blood vessel tone

    • NO normally provides a vasodilating effect on pulpal vessels

    • The force of blood flow against the vessel lining helps regulate the release of NO 

    • Adenosine, released from tissues experiencing lack of oxygen, helps regulate blood flow in response to low oxygen levels in the pulp

    • When applied from the outside of the vessel wall, adenosine causes pulpal vessels to dilate

    ### Humoral Control of Blood Flow

    • Humoral control of blood flow in the dental pulp relates to the influence of substances circulating in the blood on blood vessels

    • Angiotensin II, produced by the renin-angiotensin system, normally constricts pulpal blood vessels

    • Receptors for angiotensin II (AT1 and AT2) have been found in rat pulp

    • Epinephrine, released from the adrenal medulla, constricts pulpal blood vessels by activating alpha-adrenergic receptors, similar to the effect of norepinephrine released from nerve fibers

    • Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) also constricts pulpal arterioles when applied directly to the blood vessels

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