Dental Instruments for Year 2 Dentistry Students
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Questions and Answers

Which instrument is specifically designed for trimming the gingival margin?

  • Discoid excavator
  • Gingival marginal trimmer (correct)
  • Spoon excavator
  • Cleoid excavator

What is the primary function of a straight chisel?

  • Planning and cleaving enamel (correct)
  • Removing enamel rods with a push action
  • Carving amalgam
  • Defining line and point angles

Which instrument is used for accentuating line and point angles in gold foil restorations?

  • Bin-angle chisel
  • Mono-angle chisel
  • Wedel steadt chisel
  • Angel former (correct)

What is the fourth number in Black's formula used for?

<p>The angle of the cutting edge from the long axis of the shaft. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a straight chisel and a Wedel steadt chisel?

<p>The Wedel steadt chisel has a slight curvature, while the straight chisel is completely straight. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a chisel?

<p>Cutting and separating enamel and dentin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is most commonly used for carving amalgam in anterior teeth?

<p>Discoid excavator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a mono-angle chisel and a bin-angle chisel?

<p>The mono-angle chisel has one angle in the shank, while the bin-angle chisel has two. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of carbon steel instruments?

<p>Corrosion resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is used for removing enamel rods with a push action?

<p>Bin-angle chisel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of contra-angling in hand cutting instruments?

<p>To improve the balance and accessibility of the instrument by bringing the working end closer to the handle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Angel former from other chisels?

<p>It has a triple beveled blade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a single-beveled instrument?

<p>It has a bevel on only one side of the blade. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hand cutting instrument is best suited for excavating soft carious dentin?

<p>Excavator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between direct cutting and lateral cutting?

<p>Direct cutting uses a single plane of force while lateral cutting uses multiple planes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a type of contra-angle?

<p>Straight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using high-speed handpieces in dentistry?

<p>They are more efficient for removing tooth structure with less pressure and vibration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dental bur is known for its high hardness number and resistance to heat generation?

<p>Tungsten carbide burs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an inverted cone bur in dentistry?

<p>Creating retention in cavity walls. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify a characteristic NOT associated with a straight handpiece used in dentistry.

<p>Offers a broader range of speeds compared to contra-angle handpieces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a speed range commonly associated with dental handpieces?

<p>Super-high speed (above 1,000,000 rpm) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major difference between airotors and electric motors used in dental handpieces?

<p>Airotors are more powerful than electric motors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a rounded bur in dental procedures?

<p>Creating retentive grooves and pinholes in tooth preparations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is a significant disadvantage associated with Tungsten Carbide burs?

<p>They are prone to chipping and breakage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bur is primarily used for conservative cavity preparation and has a round end?

<p>245 or 330 bur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of a bur with a latch type shank?

<p>Compatibility with ultra-speed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the clearance angle is true?

<p>It is the angle between the back of the blade and the work surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the clearance space between two successive blades?

<p>To allow removal of cut dentin chips (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many blades does a cutting bur typically contain?

<p>6-8 blades (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bur type is mainly utilized for finishing line in crown and bridge work?

<p>End cutting bur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the rake angle (R.A) of a bur's blade?

<p>It affects cutting efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would a long shank bur specifically be utilized?

<p>For surgery work (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a positive rake angle have on cutting efficiency?

<p>It improves cutting efficiency but may lead to blade fractures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the cutting efficiency of a bur?

<p>Operator's clothing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the following, which material has the highest cutting efficiency?

<p>Tungsten carbide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cutting efficiency if the number of blades on a bur is increased?

<p>It will generally increase within certain limits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bur is more efficient at cutting dentin?

<p>Inverted cone bur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of increased pressure on a bur's cutting efficiency?

<p>It increases both cutting efficiency and heat generation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of a zero rake angle for a bur?

<p>It balances cutting efficiency and blade integrity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating pressure applied by a bur?

<p>P = F / A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of coolant in dental procedures?

<p>Reduces the need for local anesthesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes air-water sprays the most effective type of coolant?

<p>They provide the best combination of humidity control and dentin hydration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes diamond points and stones from dental burs?

<p>They are primarily used for abrasion rather than cutting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cutting instrument is most effective for cutting enamel?

<p>Diamond points (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is copious coolant essential when using diamond points and stones?

<p>To prevent clogging of the abrasive particles and reduce heat generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in application between carbide burs and diamond points or stones?

<p>Carbide burs are used for intracoronal preparations while diamond points and stones are used for extracoronal preparations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an amalgam carrier?

<p>To hold and transport amalgam increments to the preparation site (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of rotary cutting instruments?

<p>They are all made from diamond or carbide materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Black's Formula

A group of figures describing the measurement of the instrument's shaft. It includes the width of the blade, length of the blade, angle of the blade from the shaft, and the angle of the cutting edge from the shaft.

Carbon Steel

A type of metal used to make dental instruments. Known for its sharpness and cutting efficiency.

Stainless Steel

A type of metal used to make dental instruments. Known for its resistance to corrosion.

Excavators

A group of dental instruments used to remove soft dentin or carious tissue.

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Single Beveled Instruments

Instruments with a single sharp edge for cutting in one direction.

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Bi-beveled Instruments

Dental instruments with a bevel (angled edge) on both sides for cutting.

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Contra-angling

Instruments with an extra angle to bring the working end closer to the handle for better control.

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Beveling

The ability of an instrument to achieve a specific angle for cutting.

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Latch-type handpieces

Handpieces used for low-speed procedures, often involving latch-type attachments.

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Friction grip handpieces

Handpieces designed for high-speed procedures, relying on friction to grip the bur.

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Electric motor handpieces

Handpieces powered by electric motors, with a relatively slower operating speed.

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Airotor handpieces

Handpieces powered by compressed air, allowing for much higher speeds.

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Straight handpieces

Handpieces designed for straight alignment procedures, mostly used in lab settings.

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Contra-angle handpieces

Handpieces with a bent angle, used for both low and high-speed procedures.

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Tungsten carbide burs

Dental burs made of tungsten carbide, characterized by high hardness, melting point, and accuracy.

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Steel burs

Dental burs crafted from steel, offering lower hardness and melting point compared to tungsten carbide.

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Spoon excavator

A dental instrument with a spoon-shaped blade used for scraping and carving amalgam. It's larger than other excavators and used for larger tasks like amalgam carving.

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Discoid excavator

A dental instrument with a circular blade, primarily used in the front teeth (anterior) for carving amalgam or wax.

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Cleoid excavator

A dental instrument with a sharp, claw-like blade. It's used for carving amalgam or wax.

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Straight chisel

A dental instrument designed for planning and cleaving enamel that has been weakened by decay or bur preparation.

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Mono-angle chisel

A dental instrument with a single angle in the shank, used to define line and point angles in a preparation. The set includes separate instruments for mesial and distal surfaces.

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Bin-angle chisel

A dental instrument with two angles in the shank, used in a pushing motion to remove enamel rods.

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Wedelstadt chisel

A modified straight chisel with a slight curvature from the shank to the cutting edge. It's used for preparing enamel and comes in a mesial and distal set.

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Angle former

A modified straight chisel with a triple beveled blade, used to accentuate angles in gold foil restorations.

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Fissure Bur

A bur type used for lateral extension of cavity walls, finishing cavity walls, rounding line angles, and placing retentive grooves. It comes in tapered and straight/cylindrical forms.

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End Cutting Bur

A bur type used for finishing lines in crown and bridge procedures. It has a specific cutting end.

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Latch Type Bur

A bur with a latched shank, used with regular speeds. Using it with ultra-speed can cause vibration, eccentricity, and heat generation.

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Friction Grip Bur

A bur with a solid shank, used with ultra-speed. This type is designed to handle the higher speed.

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Cutting Bur

A bur for cutting tooth structure, typically having 6-8 blades.

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Finishing Bur

A bur used for finishing restorations, with 8-12 blades. It refines the tooth structure after initial cutting.

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Tooth Angle

The angle formed between the face and back of a single bur blade. This angle is always acute.

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Clearance Angle

The angle between the back of the blade and the tooth surface. It allows for efficient removal of dentin chips.

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Cutting Efficiency

The ability of a bur to remove tooth structure efficiently with minimal effort and time.

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Tungsten Carbide

A type of metal used for burs, known for its high hardness, resistance to heat, and accuracy in design.

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Rake Angle

The angle between the face of the cutting blade and the radius of the bur.

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Pressure

The force applied to the bur during cutting, determined by both operator strength and the bur's contact area with the tooth.

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Speed

The speed at which a bur rotates, influencing how quickly it cuts.

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Inverted Cone Bur

A type of bur design known for its efficiency in cutting dentin, due to its smaller cutting surface.

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Radius Angle (RA)

The relationship between the bur's face and the radius of the cutting edge, directly influencing the bur's sharpness and cutting strength.

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Dental Coolant

A fluid used during dental procedures to address various needs, such as cooling, cleaning, and improving visibility.

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Multi-directional Coolant

Coolants that flow in multiple directions, providing better coverage and efficiency.

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Purpose of Dental Coolant

The primary purpose of dental coolant is to control the heat generated during cutting procedures.

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Dental Abrasives

Instruments with abrasive particles on the working head, used for smoothing and shaping dental structures.

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Burs vs. Abrasives

The difference between dental burs and abrasives lies in their working heads and applications.

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Effective Use of Abrasives

Dental abrasives are particularly effective when working with brittle materials, such as enamel.

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Dental Burs Applications

Dental burs work well within the crown of a tooth for procedures like cavity preparations.

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Burs & Dentin

Dental burs are generally favored for cutting dentin, as they produce less heat compared to abrasives.

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Study Notes

Instruments & Instrumentation

  • The document details instruments and instrumentation for year 2 dentistry students.
  • Instruments are classified by function for isolation, exploration, tooth removal, restoration manipulation, shaping, finishing, and polishing.
  • Isolation instruments include rubber dam, saliva ejectors, and cotton roll holders for maintaining a dry operative field.
  • Exploration instruments involve mirrors, explorers (single-ended preferred), magnifying loups, microscopes, and intraoral cameras for examining the operative area.
  • Exploration Probes: Composed of a handle, shank, and exploring tip, used to detect caries, and determine the consistency of carious dentin.
  • Periodontal probes are used to measure pocket depth and instrument dimensions, unlike explorers.
  • Removal instruments include hand cutting and powered instruments (rotary, air abrasion, laser).
  • Rotary cutting instruments (Burs & abrasive) are used for cavity preparation.
  • Air abrasion uses an air stream with abrasive particles (Aluminum oxide) for tooth structure removal via abrasion.
  • Laser (waterlase) absorbs energy & converts it into heat for destruction/necrosis via evaporation (ablation).
  • Sonic instruments use abrasive particles for cutting, injury to adjacent teeth prevention.
  • Chemo-mechanical methods (Carisolv) use a gel applied with non-cutting hand instruments to abrade carious dentin, leaving a hard, caries-free cavity.
  • Enzymes (Pronase) are proteolytic enzymes used to remove carious dentin.
  • Hand cutting instruments are used to cut or cleave enamel/dentin for cavity wall planning.
  • Black's formula details measuring instrument measurements written on the shaft's center: width, length, angles.
  • Instrument materials: Stainless steel (corrosion resistant, less cutting efficiency) and Carbon steel (corrosion resistant, good cutting efficiency, brittle).
  • Hand cutting instruments are classified by use (excavators, chisels); cutting direction (direct, lateral); beveling (single, bi, triple); ends (single, double); and contra-angling (angle to the handle).
  • Excavators are used to remove soft carious dentin and shape cavity walls. Types include spoon, discoid, and cleoid excavators.
  • Chisels are used to plan and cleave enamel, remove undermined enamel, or cut dentin away. Types include straight chisels, mono-angle chisels, bin-angle chisels, and Wedel-stadt chisels.
  • Dental Cutting Burs: Classified by material (Tungsten carbide, Steel) and shape (rounded, inverted cone, fissure).
  • Cutting efficiency depends on bur material (Tungsten carbide is more efficient), bur design (number of blades, rake angle, clearance angle), tissue type (enamel, dentin), pressure, and speed.
  • Eccentricity/run-out of a bur refers to its maximum displacement from the central axis, causing vibration, decreased efficiency, increased heat, and reduced bur life.
  • Heat generation during cutting is influenced by friction between bur and tooth, pressure, speed, cutting area, cutting efficiency, and cutting time, affecting the pulp.
  • Coolants are necessary to control heat generation, improve visibility, prevent clogging, and prevent pain.

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Instruments & Instrumentation Year 2 PDF

Description

This quiz covers various instruments and instrumentation essential for year 2 dentistry students. It classifies instruments by function, including isolation, exploration, removal, and restoration manipulation, providing a comprehensive understanding of their applications in dental practice.

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