Dental Indices
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What is an index in the context of dentistry?

  • A numerical value describing the relative status of a population (correct)
  • A type of dental instrument
  • A type of dental material
  • A method of treating dental caries

    • What is one of the properties of an ideal index?

  • It should be easy to apply and understand (correct)
  • It should only be used in certain populations
  • It should be expensive to implement
  • It should be painful to use

    • What type of index measures the presence or absence of a condition?

  • Irreversible index
  • Cumulative index
  • Reliability index
  • Simple index (correct)

    • What is an example of a cumulative index?

    <p>DMFT index for dental caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an index in dentistry?

    <p>To permit comparison with other populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of validity in an index?

    <p>It should accurately reflect the extent of a condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an irreversible index?

    <p>Irreversible conditions such as tooth loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is quantifiability in the context of an index?

    <p>The index should be able to be statistically analyzed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a reversible index measure?

    <p>Conditions that can be changed or reversed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a dental caries index in individual assessment?

    <p>To evaluate and monitor the progress and maintenance of oral health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of index measures the entire periodontium or dentition?

    <p>Full mouth index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a dental caries index in a clinical trial?

    <p>To determine the effect of an agent or procedure on a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a dental caries index in a community health and epidemiological survey?

    <p>To study the disease characteristics of a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of index measures the symptoms of a disease?

    <p>Symptom index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the index that measures the patient's oral hygiene performance?

    <p>Modified patient hygiene performance index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the index that measures the plaque component of periodontal disease?

    <p>Plaque component of the periodontal disease index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Periodontitis severity index' also known as?

    <p>Extent and severity index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'DMFT index' stand for?

    <p>Decayed, Missing, Filled, Teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Czechoslovakia caries index' used to assess?

    <p>Dental caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'WHO dentition status' used to assess?

    <p>Dentition status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Dean’s fluorosis index' used to assess?

    <p>Fluorosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Malalignment index' used to assess?

    <p>Malalignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Handicapping malocclusion assessment index' used to assess?

    <p>Malocclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Occlusal index' used to assess?

    <p>Occlusal features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the DMFT index numerically express?

    <p>The prevalence of dental caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should not be counted more than once in the DMFT index?

    <p>A tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are deciduous teeth not considered in the DMFT index?

    <p>They are not permanent teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recorded as 'Decayed' in the DMFT index?

    <p>A tooth with a broken crown due to caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recorded as 'Missing' in the DMFT index?

    <p>A tooth that has been extracted due to caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recorded as 'Filled' in the DMFT index?

    <p>A permanent restoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the DMFT value?

    <p>The sum of Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the DMFT index give an indication of?

    <p>How much disease is untreated and treated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) invalid?

    <p>When teeth have been removed or lost due to other reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Community Periodontal Index (CPI)?

    <p>To assess the treatment needs of a person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to measure the periodontal status in CPI?

    <p>A specially designed lightweight CPI probe with a 0.5mm ball tip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following teeth are examined in CPI for adults aged 20 years and over?

    <p>Specific teeth in each sextant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if one molar in each posterior sextant is missing in CPI?

    <p>No replacement is done</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is done if there are no index teeth in a sextant in CPI?

    <p>All the remaining teeth in that sextant are examined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many teeth are examined in CPI for subjects under the age of 20 years?

    <p>Six teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the code for healthy periodontal tissue in CPI?

    <p>No disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Definition of Dental Index

    • A dental index is a numerical value that describes the relative status of a population on a graduated scale with definite upper and lower limits.
    • It allows for comparison with other populations classified by the same criteria and methods.

    Properties of Ideal Index

    • Reliability: able to measure consistently at different times and under various conditions.
    • Validity: accurately reflects the extent or degree of a condition or disease.
    • Clarity, simplicity, and objectivity: easy to apply, with clear and simple criteria.
    • Quantifiability: can be statistically analyzed.
    • Acceptability: not painful or harmful to use.
    • Sensitivity: detects reasonably small shifts.

    Types of Indices

    • Simple index: measures presence or absence of a condition (e.g., plaque index).
    • Cumulative index: measures all evidence of a condition (e.g., DMFT index for dental caries).
    • Irreversible index: measures conditions that will not change (e.g., dental caries index).
    • Reversible index: measures conditions that can be changed or reversed (e.g., gingival index).
    • Full mouth indices: measures the entire periodontium or dentition (e.g., Russell's periodontal index).
    • Simplified indices: measures representative samples of dental apparatus (e.g., Green and Vermillion's simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S)).

    Classification of Indices

    • Disease index: measures the presence of a disease (e.g., D portion of DMFT index).
    • Symptom index: measures symptoms of a disease (e.g., gingival or bleeding index).
    • Treatment index: measures treatment received for a disease (e.g., F portion of DMFT index).

    Purpose and Use of Index

    • Individual assessment: evaluates and monitors oral health, monitors healing process.
    • Clinical trial: determines the effect of an agent or procedure on disease prevention, progression, or control.
    • Community health and epidemiological survey: studies disease characteristics of a population.

    Indices Used in Dentistry

    • Oral hygiene indices:
      • Oral hygiene index
      • Simplified oral hygiene index
      • Modified patient hygiene performance index
      • Plaque free score index
      • Plaque control record
      • Oral health status index
    • Periodontal disease indices:
      • Plaque component of periodontal disease index
      • Schick and Ash modification of plaque criteria
      • Periodontitis severity index
      • Extent and severity index
      • Gingival sulcus measurement component of periodontal disease index
      • Periodontal screening and recording index
    • Caries indices:
      • DMFT index
      • DMFS index
      • Def index
      • Root caries index
      • Modified DMFT index
      • Caries severity index
      • Czechoslovakia caries index
      • DMF surface percentage index
      • Functional measure index
      • Dental health index
      • WHO dentition status
      • Restorative index
    • Fluorosis indices:
      • Dean's fluorosis index
      • Moller's fluorosis index
      • Chronological fluorosis assessment index
      • Fluorosis risk index
      • Young's classification
      • Murray and Shaw classification
      • The FDI index
      • Thylstrup Fejeskov fluorosis index
      • Tooth surface index of fluorosis
    • Malocclusion indices:
      • Malalignment index
      • Handicapping malocclusion assessment index
      • Occlusal feature index
      • Occlusal index
      • Index of orthodontic treatment needs
      • Norwegian index of orthodontic treatment needs
      • Handicapping labiolingual deviation index
      • Massler and Frankel index
      • Peer assessment rating index

    Caries Index (DMFT)

    • DMFT numerically expresses caries prevalence by calculating the number of teeth (T) that are:
      • Decayed (D)
      • Missing (M)
      • Filled (F)

    Rules for Scoring DMFT

    • No tooth should be counted more than once.
    • Decayed, missing, and filled teeth should be recorded separately.
    • Tooth lost or filled due to reasons other than caries are not included.
    • Deciduous teeth are not considered in the DMFT index.
    • A tooth with several fillings is counted as one tooth.

    Criteria for Recording

    • Decayed (D): when dental caries and a restoration are present on the same tooth, or when the crown is broken due to caries, or when a tooth has a temporary restoration.
    • Missing (M): when a tooth has been extracted due to dental caries or when a tooth is carious and cannot be restored.
    • Filled (F): when a permanent restoration is present.

    Community Periodontal Index (CPI)

    • Developed by WHO to assess periodontal treatment needs.
    • Used to determine the need for periodontal treatment rather than determining past or present periodontal status.
    • Indicators of periodontal status are used for assessment.
    • A specially designed lightweight CPI probe with a 0.5mm ball tip is used.
    • The probe has a black band between 3.5 and 5.5mm and rings at 8.5mm and 11.5mm from the ball tip.
    • Measurement: a sextant should be examined only if there are two or more teeth present and not indicated for extraction.
    • Selection of teeth: for adults aged 20 years and over, the teeth to be examined are 17, 16, 11, 26, 27, 47, 46, and 31.
    • For subjects under the age of 20 years, only six teeth are examined: 16, 11, 26, 36, 31, and 46.
    • Codes and criteria used in CPI: healthy periodontal tissue, no disease.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the definition and properties of dental indices, types of indices, and their use in dentistry, including caries index DMFT and community periodontal index CPI.

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