Dental Indices Lecture: Properties and Types
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Which of the following best defines an index in the context of dental health?

  • A measure of the effectiveness of oral hygiene practices
  • A numerical value used to describe the relative status of a population on a scale. (correct)
  • A visual representation of dental health status.
  • A qualitative assessment of individual oral health.

    • What is the primary objective of a dental index for individual patients?

  • To provide individual assessment and help patients recognize oral problems. (correct)
  • To measure the effectiveness of professional oral care.
  • To quantify the degree of oral disease control.
  • To motivate patients to seek preventive care.

    • What is the role of dental indices in revealing the effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices?

  • To provide a quantitative measure of oral disease control.
  • To motivate the person in preventive and professional care for elimination and control of oral disease.
  • To facilitate comparison with other populations classified by the same criteria and methods.
  • To reveal the degree of effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices. (correct)

    • What is the purpose of a dental index in relation to motivating individuals in preventive and professional care for oral disease?

    <p>To motivate individuals in preventive and professional care for elimination and control of oral disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an index defined in the context of dental health?

    <p>As a numerical value describing the relative status of a population on a graduated scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a dental index for individual patients?

    <p>To provide individual assessment and help patients recognize oral problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an index aim to reveal about present oral hygiene practices?

    <p>The degree of effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key purpose of a dental index in relation to motivating individuals for preventive and professional care for oral disease?

    <p>To motivate individuals in preventive and professional care for elimination and control of oral disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of dental health, how is an index defined?

    <p>As a numerical value describing the relative status of a population on a graduated scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a dental index for individual patients?

    <p>To provide individual assessment and help patients recognize oral problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the DMF Index developed by Klein and Palmer include?

    <p>Teeth with dental caries with cavitation, missing teeth due to dental caries, filled teeth due to dental caries, and unfilled surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system evaluates the activity of dental caries, especially in the early stages?

    <p>NYVAD System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the PUFA Index assess?

    <p>Severity of diseases related to untreated and neglected caries lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the Dental Index that focuses on the size and location of the caries?

    <p>Mount et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Dental Fluorosis Indices used to evaluate?

    <p>The effects of fluorosis on teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system classifies caries into three types and scores each surface separately?

    <p>ICDAS-II System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important to consider in dental caries assessment in addition to the DMF Index?

    <p>Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which index is used to evaluate the effects of fluorosis on teeth?

    <p>Dental Fluorosis Indices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the DMF Index?

    <p>Klein and Palmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using various indices in evaluating oral conditions?

    <p>To compare index scores over time and assess the effectiveness of specific agents and mechanical devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of an ideal index?

    <p>Valid, reliable, clear, simple, objective, quantifiable, sensitive, and acceptable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which index assesses the cleanliness of teeth by scoring for debris and calculus?

    <p>Oral Hygiene Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which index was developed for epidemiological surveys and mixed dentition?

    <p>OHI-S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do plaque indices such as Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index and Silness-Löe plaque index measure?

    <p>Different aspects of plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of baseline data collection before introducing experimental factors?

    <p>To measure the effectiveness of specific agents and mechanical devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of programs use indices to assess the prevalence and trends of specific oral conditions?

    <p>Community health programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dental caries index classifies caries based on morphology, surfaces, developmental nature, and treatment management?

    <p>American Dental Association Caries Classification System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using indices to evaluate the success of individual and professional treatment for oral conditions?

    <p>To compare index scores over time and assess the effectiveness of specific agents and mechanical devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index measure?

    <p>Different aspects of plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the OHI-S index primarily assess in dental health?

    <p>Debris and calculus on teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of plaque do the Silness-Löe plaque index primarily measure?

    <p>Extent of bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index?

    <p>Quantifying plaque accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the American Dental Association Caries Classification System primarily classify caries based on?

    <p>Extent of damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Pitt and Fyffe dental caries index?

    <p>Evaluating caries treatment management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of collecting baseline data before introducing experimental factors in dental research?

    <p>To establish a control group for comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the essential characteristics of an ideal dental index?

    <p>Valid, reliable, and quantifiable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of using indices to evaluate the success of individual and professional treatment for oral conditions?

    <p>To quantify changes in index scores over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Oral Hygiene Index primarily assess?

    <p>Plaque extent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of community health programs using indices to assess prevalence and trends of specific oral conditions?

    <p>To monitor public oral health status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the DMF Index developed by Klein and Palmer?

    <p>Caries severity assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the PUFA Index primarily assess in relation to dental health?

    <p>Tooth wear characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of a dental index?

    <p>To reveal the degree of effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dental caries index classifies caries based on morphology, surfaces, developmental nature, and treatment management?

    <p>CAST Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index measure?

    <p>The activity of dental caries, especially in the early stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which index is used to evaluate the effects of fluorosis on teeth?

    <p>Dean's Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an index aim to reveal about present oral hygiene practices?

    <p>The degree of effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the DMF Index?

    <p>Klein and Sheiham</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which index was developed for epidemiological surveys and mixed dentition?

    <p>DMF Index developed by Klein and Sheiham</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important to consider in dental caries assessment in addition to the DMF Index?

    <p>The size and location of the caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an index aim to reveal about present oral hygiene practices?

    <p>The degree of effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important to consider in dental caries assessment in addition to the DMF Index?

    <p>The size and location of the caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dental indices in revealing the effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices?

    <p>To reveal the degree of effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system evaluates the activity of dental caries, especially in the early stages?

    <p>NYVAD System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Dental Fluorosis Indices (Dean's Index and Thylstrup & Fejerskov Index) evaluate?

    <p>Effects of fluorosis on teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the PUFA Index assess?

    <p>Pulp involvement and ulcerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important to consider in dental caries assessment in addition to the DMF Index?

    <p>Effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which index was developed for epidemiological surveys and mixed dentition?

    <p>Caries Assessment Spectrum-Cast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Dental Fluorosis Indices in dental health assessment?

    <p>Assessment of fluoride effects on teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ICDAS-II System classify caries based on?

    <p>Morphology and surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which index assesses the cleanliness of teeth by scoring for debris and calculus?

    <p>Silness-Löe plaque index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of a dental index for individual patients?

    <p>To motivate individuals for preventive care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using various indices in evaluating oral conditions?

    <p>To provide a comprehensive assessment of oral health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of dental health, how is an index defined?

    <p>As a standardized method for evaluating specific aspects of oral health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Dental Fluorosis Indices used to evaluate?

    <p>Effects of fluoride on teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dental caries assessment system focuses on evaluating the activity of dental caries, especially in the early stages?

    <p>NYVAD System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dental caries assessment system scores dental caries based on the presence of fissure sealants or restorations and the severity of the caries?

    <p>ICDAS-II System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dental caries assessment system assesses the status of diseases related to untreated and neglected caries lesions, including pulp involvement, ulcerations, root fractures, fistulas, and abscesses?

    <p>PUFA Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dental caries assessment system is primarily used to evaluate the effects of fluorosis on teeth?

    <p>Dental Fluorosis Indices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dental caries assessment system focuses on determining the stage of dental caries, with scores ranging from 0 (no caries) to 4 (cavitation)?

    <p>Dental Index developed by Extrand et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to evaluate the effects of fluorosis on teeth?

    <p>Dental Fluorosis Indices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the essential characteristics of an ideal dental index?

    <p>Validity, reliability, clarity, and objectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Pitt and Fyffe dental caries index?

    <p>Classification based on treatment management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which index assesses the cleanliness of teeth by scoring for debris and calculus?

    <p>Oral Hygiene Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index measure?

    <p>Plaque extent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important to consider in dental caries assessment in addition to the DMF Index?

    <p>Caries extent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system evaluates the activity of dental caries, especially in the early stages?

    <p>ICDAS-II System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the PUFA Index primarily assess in relation to dental health?

    <p>Pulpal inflammation and pulp vitality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using various indices in evaluating oral conditions?

    <p>To measure the effectiveness of specific agents and mechanical devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an index aim to reveal about present oral hygiene practices?

    <p>The effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an index aim to reveal about present oral hygiene practices?

    <p>The effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the American Dental Association Caries Classification System primarily classify caries based on?

    <p>$Treatment$ $management$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a dental index for individual patients?

    <p>To provide individual assessment to help a patient recognize an oral problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index measure?

    <p>The cleanliness of teeth by scoring for debris and calculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important to consider in dental caries assessment in addition to the DMF Index?

    <p>The evaluation of present oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Oral Hygiene Index primarily assess?

    <p>The degree of effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Pitt and Fyffe dental caries index?

    <p>The classification of caries based on morphology, surfaces, developmental nature, and treatment management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an index aim to reveal about present oral hygiene practices?

    <p>The degree of effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ICDAS-II System classify caries based on?

    <p>Morphology, surfaces, developmental nature, and treatment management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key purpose of a dental index in relation to motivating individuals for preventive and professional care for oral disease?

    <p>To reveal the degree of effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does the Silness-Löe plaque index primarily measure?

    <p>Present oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Dental Fluorosis Indices used to evaluate?

    <p>Effects of fluorosis on teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of using indices to evaluate the success of individual and professional treatment for oral conditions?

    <p>Reveal the degree of effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ______ has been defined as a numerical value describing the relative status of a population on a graduated scale with definite upper and lower limits, which is designed to permit and facilitate comparison with other populations classified by the same criteria and methods.

    <p>index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For individual patient Provide individual assesment to help a patient recognize an oral problem Reveal the degree of effectiveness of present oral hygiene practices Motivate the person in preventive and professional care for elimination and control of oral disease.

    <p>objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tağmaç Özberk PhD, DDS Department of Restorative Dentistry Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lecture; ✓ Students will be able to define properties of an ideal index. ✓ Students will be able to list type of dental indices and define dental caries indices.

    <p>learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the end of this lecture; ✓ Students will be able to ______ properties of an ideal index.

    <p>define</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the end of this lecture; ✓ Students will be able to ______ type of dental indices and define dental caries indices.

    <p>list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DENTAL INDICES An index has been defined as a numerical value describing the relative status of a population on a graduated scale with definite upper and lower limits, which is designed to permit and facilitate comparison with other populations classified by the same criteria and methods.

    <p>indices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An index has been defined as a ______ value describing the relative status of a population on a graduated scale with definite upper and lower limits, which is designed to permit and facilitate comparison with other populations classified by the same criteria and methods.

    <p>numerical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the end of this lecture; ✓ Students will be able to list type of dental indices and ______ dental caries indices.

    <p>define</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ideal index must be valid, reliable, clear, simple, objective, quantifiable, sensitive, and ______

    <p>acceptable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plaque indices include the Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index and the Silness-Löe plaque index, which measure different aspects of ______

    <p>plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Oral Hygiene Index assesses the cleanliness of teeth by scoring for debris and ______

    <p>calculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A simplified version of the Oral Hygiene Index, called OHI-S, was developed for epidemiological surveys and mixed ______

    <p>dentition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dental caries indices classify caries based on morphology, surfaces, developmental nature, and treatment management. Examples include the American Dental Association Caries Classification System and the Pitt and Fyffe ______

    <p>index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ideal index must be valid, reliable, clear, simple, ______, quantifiable, sensitive, and acceptable

    <p>objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Baselines data is collected before experimental factors are introduced to measure the effectiveness of specific agents and mechanical ______

    <p>devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Community health programs also use indices to assess the prevalence and trends of specific oral conditions and evaluate the ______

    <p>results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To evaluate the success of individual and professional treatment for oral conditions, researchers use various indices to compare index scores ______

    <p>over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To evaluate the success of individual and professional treatment for oral conditions, researchers use various indices to compare ______ scores over time

    <p>index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ideal index must be valid, reliable, clear, simple, ______, quantifiable, sensitive, and acceptable

    <p>reliable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ideal index must be valid, ______, clear, simple, objective, quantifiable, sensitive, and acceptable

    <p>reliable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ideal index must be valid, reliable, clear, simple, ______, quantifiable, sensitive, and acceptable

    <p>clear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DMF Index developed by ______ is widely used to determine the prevalence and risk of dental caries. It includes teeth with dental caries with cavitation (D), missing teeth due to dental caries (M), filled teeth due to dental caries (F), and unfilled surfaces (S).

    <p>Klein and Palmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dental Index developed by ______ focuses on the size and location of the caries, with scores ranging from 1 (enamel surfaces) to 3 (large cavities).

    <p>Mount et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ Index assesses the status of diseases related to untreated and neglected caries lesions, including pulp involvement, ulcerations, root fractures, fistulas, and abscesses.

    <p>PUFA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dental Fluorosis Indices (______) are used to evaluate the effects of fluorosis on teeth.

    <p>Dean's Index and Thylstrup &amp; Fejerskov Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ are also important to consider in dental caries assessment.

    <p>Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ System evaluates the activity of dental caries, especially in the early stages.

    <p>NYVAD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ System scores dental caries based on the presence of fissure sealants or restorations and the severity of the caries.

    <p>ICDAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ System classifies caries into three types (coronal, root, and caries related to restorations) and scores each surface separately.

    <p>ICDAS-II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dental caries can be detected at various stages and locations in the teeth, including ______.

    <p>enamel, dentin, and cavitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dental Index developed by ______ determines the stage of dental caries, with scores ranging from 0 (no caries) to 4 (cavitation).

    <p>Extrand et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ are other dental caries assessment systems with their own scoring methods.

    <p>Univiss and Caries Assessment Spectrum-Cast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ has limitations, as it does not score dental caries at early stages, secondary caries, root caries, fissure sealants, fillings related to trauma or esthetic reasons, or missing teeth due to reasons other than dental caries.

    <p>DMF Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • To evaluate the success of individual and professional treatment for oral conditions, researchers use various indices to compare index scores over time

    • Baseline data is collected before experimental factors are introduced to measure the effectiveness of specific agents and mechanical devices

    • Community health programs also use indices to assess the prevalence and trends of specific oral conditions and evaluate the results

    • An ideal index must be valid, reliable, clear, simple, objective, quantifiable, sensitive, and acceptable

    • Plaque indices include the Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index and the Silness-Löe plaque index, which measure different aspects of plaque

    • The Oral Hygiene Index assesses the cleanliness of teeth by scoring for debris and calculus

    • A simplified version of the Oral Hygiene Index, called OHI-S, was developed for epidemiological surveys and mixed dentition

    • Dental caries indices classify caries based on morphology, surfaces, developmental nature, and treatment management. Examples include the American Dental Association Caries Classification System and the Pitt and Fyffe index.

    • Dental caries can be detected at various stages and locations in the teeth, including enamel, dentin, and cavitation.

    • DMF Index developed by Klein and Palmer is widely used to determine the prevalence and risk of dental caries. It includes teeth with dental caries with cavitation (D), missing teeth due to dental caries (M), filled teeth due to dental caries (F), and unfilled surfaces (S).

    • DMF Index has limitations, as it does not score dental caries at early stages, secondary caries, root caries, fissure sealants, fillings related to trauma or esthetic reasons, or missing teeth due to reasons other than dental caries.

    • Dental Index developed by Extrand et al. determines the stage of dental caries, with scores ranging from 0 (no caries) to 4 (cavitation).

    • Dental Index developed by Mount et al. focuses on the size and location of the caries, with scores ranging from 1 (enamel surfaces) to 3 (large cavities).

    • NYVAD System evaluates the activity of dental caries, especially in the early stages.

    • ICDAS System scores dental caries based on the presence of fissure sealants or restorations and the severity of the caries.

    • ICDAS-II System classifies caries into three types (coronal, root, and caries related to restorations) and scores each surface separately.

    • PUFA Index assesses the status of diseases related to untreated and neglected caries lesions, including pulp involvement, ulcerations, root fractures, fistulas, and abscesses.

    • Univiss and Caries Assessment Spectrum-Cast are other dental caries assessment systems with their own scoring methods.

    • Dental Fluorosis Indices (Dean's Index and Thylstrup & Fejerskov Index) are used to evaluate the effects of fluorosis on teeth.

    • Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) are also important to consider in dental caries assessment.

    • References: İmren, A., Koruyucu, M., İnce, E. B. T., & Akinci, M. T. (2017). Çürük Aktivite Testleri (Derleme). Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 330-336. İlhan, B., & Ulukapi, İ. (2006). Çürük aktivite-risk belirleme yöntemlerinde son yenilikler. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, 40(1-2), 33-40.

    • To evaluate the success of individual and professional treatment for oral conditions, researchers use various indices to compare index scores over time

    • Baseline data is collected before experimental factors are introduced to measure the effectiveness of specific agents and mechanical devices

    • Community health programs also use indices to assess the prevalence and trends of specific oral conditions and evaluate the results

    • An ideal index must be valid, reliable, clear, simple, objective, quantifiable, sensitive, and acceptable

    • Plaque indices include the Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index and the Silness-Löe plaque index, which measure different aspects of plaque

    • The Oral Hygiene Index assesses the cleanliness of teeth by scoring for debris and calculus

    • A simplified version of the Oral Hygiene Index, called OHI-S, was developed for epidemiological surveys and mixed dentition

    • Dental caries indices classify caries based on morphology, surfaces, developmental nature, and treatment management. Examples include the American Dental Association Caries Classification System and the Pitt and Fyffe index.

    • Dental caries can be detected at various stages and locations in the teeth, including enamel, dentin, and cavitation.

    • DMF Index developed by Klein and Palmer is widely used to determine the prevalence and risk of dental caries. It includes teeth with dental caries with cavitation (D), missing teeth due to dental caries (M), filled teeth due to dental caries (F), and unfilled surfaces (S).

    • DMF Index has limitations, as it does not score dental caries at early stages, secondary caries, root caries, fissure sealants, fillings related to trauma or esthetic reasons, or missing teeth due to reasons other than dental caries.

    • Dental Index developed by Extrand et al. determines the stage of dental caries, with scores ranging from 0 (no caries) to 4 (cavitation).

    • Dental Index developed by Mount et al. focuses on the size and location of the caries, with scores ranging from 1 (enamel surfaces) to 3 (large cavities).

    • NYVAD System evaluates the activity of dental caries, especially in the early stages.

    • ICDAS System scores dental caries based on the presence of fissure sealants or restorations and the severity of the caries.

    • ICDAS-II System classifies caries into three types (coronal, root, and caries related to restorations) and scores each surface separately.

    • PUFA Index assesses the status of diseases related to untreated and neglected caries lesions, including pulp involvement, ulcerations, root fractures, fistulas, and abscesses.

    • Univiss and Caries Assessment Spectrum-Cast are other dental caries assessment systems with their own scoring methods.

    • Dental Fluorosis Indices (Dean's Index and Thylstrup & Fejerskov Index) are used to evaluate the effects of fluorosis on teeth.

    • Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) are also important to consider in dental caries assessment.

    • References: İmren, A., Koruyucu, M., İnce, E. B. T., & Akinci, M. T. (2017). Çürük Aktivite Testleri (Derleme). Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 330-336. İlhan, B., & Ulukapi, İ. (2006). Çürük aktivite-risk belirleme yöntemlerinde son yenilikler. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, 40(1-2), 33-40.

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    Learn about the properties of an ideal index and the different types of dental indices including dental caries indices. Understand how indices are used to describe the relative status of a population's oral health.

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