Introduction to Gingivitis and Periodontitis Quiz (ODS Learning Outcomes)
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical consistency of healthy gingiva?

  • Firm (correct)
  • Soft and pliable
  • Boggy
  • Spongy and loose

    • Which color is typically associated with gingivitis?

  • Various shades of red (correct)
  • Bluish/purplish
  • Uniform pink
  • Dark brown

    • What happens to the junctional epithelium in periodontitis?

  • It remains coronal to the CEJ
  • It attaches to the enamel
  • It displays no attachment changes
  • It moves apical to the CEJ (correct)

    • What is a characteristic feature of the texture of gingivitis?

    <p>Shiny and stretched (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the alveolar bone in gingivitis?

    <p>It is intact and located 2-3mm apical to the base of JE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurs in gingival fibers during gingivitis?

    <p>Reversible damage to supragingival fiber bundles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the gingival margin typically appear in periodontitis?

    <p>Below the CEJ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological change occurs in the junctional epithelium in gingivitis?

    <p>It extends epithelial ridges into connective tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is characteristic of the consistency of periodontitis?

    <p>Spongy or fibrotic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true regarding the clinical appearance of healthy gingiva?

    <p>Presence of bleeding upon probing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true pocketing?

    <p>Pocket formation caused by apical migration of junctional epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with gingivitis?

    <p>Bleeding gingivae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of periodontitis compared to gingivitis?

    <p>Irreversible destruction involving all parts of the periodontium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a false pocket characterized?

    <p>Increased probing depth but no apical migration of junctional epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a symptom of periodontitis?

    <p>Reversible gum swelling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically leads to clinical attachment loss?

    <p>Apical migration leading to bone destruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the effects of gingivitis?

    <p>It is a reversible bacterial infection confined to the gingiva. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may indicate a need for immediate dental treatment due to periodontitis?

    <p>Symptoms of severe tooth mobility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions could exacerbate gingivitis?

    <p>Gingival enlargement from gingivitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor distinguishes the severity of periodontitis?

    <p>Presence of long-term inflammation and infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Junctional Epithelium (JE)

    The inner layer of the gingiva, attached to the tooth.

    Sulcular Epithelium

    The outermost layer of the gingiva, visible to the naked eye.

    Gingival Fibers

    A group of strong fibers that support the JE, keeping it firmly attached to the tooth.

    Periodontal Ligament (PDL)

    A dense, fibrous tissue that connects the tooth root to the bone.

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    Gingivitis

    Inflammation of the gums, causing redness, swelling, and bleeding.

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    Periodontitis

    A more serious form of gum disease, affecting the bone and ligaments supporting the teeth.

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    Healthy JE attachment

    The JE in healthy gingiva is firmly attached to the enamel, just above the CEJ.

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    JE changes in gingivitis

    In gingivitis, while the JE remains attached, it may develop finger-like projections into the connective tissue.

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    JE migration in periodontitis

    In periodontitis, the JE migrates apically, attaching to the root surface below the CEJ.

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    Gingival fiber damage

    In periodontitis, the gingival fibers are damaged and destroyed, leading to a weakened gum structure.

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    False pocketing

    Gingival enlargement that makes the tooth crown appear longer, but the junctional epithelium hasn't moved downwards. There is no actual bone loss.

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    True pocketing

    A probing depth of 4mm or more caused by the junctional epithelium moving down the tooth root, leading to actual bone loss.

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    Clinical attachment loss (CAL)

    The distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the base of the pocket, indicating the amount of attachment loss.

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    Gingivitis symptoms

    Red, swollen gums, often with bleeding easily.

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    Periodontitis symptoms

    Teeth appear yellowish, loose, and sensitive. Receding gums may also occur.

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    Alveolar bone destruction

    Permanent destruction of bone around the tooth, caused by periodontitis.

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    Periodontal ligament fiber destruction

    Permanent damage to the fibers attaching the tooth to the bone, caused by periodontitis.

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    Permanent destruction of epithelium

    Permanent destruction of epithelium that prevents it from reattaching to the tooth.

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    Study Notes

    Healthy Gingiva

    • Color: Uniform pink, possibly pigmented.
    • Contour: Marginal gingiva (MG) meets tooth at a tapered or slightly rounded edge; Interdental papilla (IDP) is pointed, filling the space between teeth.
    • Consistency: Firm.
    • Texture: Smooth and/or stippled.
    • Bleeding: No bleeding on probing.
    • Margin: Slightly coronal to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), scalloped.
    • Histology: Junctional epithelium (JE) firmly attached to enamel, coronal to CEJ; intact supragingival fiber bundles supporting the JE; alveolar bone intact, 2-3mm apical to JE base; intact periodontal ligament fibers (PDL).

    Gingivitis

    • Clinical Appearance: Red.
    • Color: Various shades of red.
    • Contour: MG rolled and thickened; IDP rounded, blunted, bulbous, losing knife edge.
    • Consistency: Spongy, loose, boggy.
    • Texture: Shiny, stretched.
    • Bleeding: Bleeding on probing.
    • Margin: Coronal to CEJ (due to swelling).
    • Histology: JE still attached to enamel, coronal to CEJ; JE extends epithelial ridges into connective tissue; reversible damage to supragingival fiber bundles; alveolar bone intact.

    Periodontitis

    • Clinical Appearance: Health (but often with signs of inflammation).
    • Color: Oedematous tissue – bluish/purplish; fibrotic – pink, nodular.
    • Contour: MG swollen or fibrotic, loss of knife edge; position of MG varies with recession; IDP may be lost, cratered, blunted.
    • Consistency: Spongy or fibrotic.
    • Texture: Shiny or nodular.
    • Bleeding: Bleeding and suppuration.
    • Margin: Below the CEJ.
    • Histology: JE apical to CEJ, attached to cementum. Permanent destruction of some or all of the fibers, especially gingival fibres. Permanent destruction of alveolar bone. Permanent destruction of some or all of the PDL fibres.

    False Pocketing vs. True Pocketing

    • False Pocketing (Pseudopocket): Caused by gingival enlargement; probing depth suggests a pocket, but there's no apical migration of the junctional epithelium.
    • True Pocketing: Probing depth increase (4mm+) due to apical migration of the junctional epithelium.

    Patient Symptoms

    • Gingivitis/Periodontitis: Inflammation of gingiva; teeth may appear yellowish; bleeding gingiva; bad breath (halitosis); tooth mobility (periodontitis); recession (periodontitis); soreness.

    Gingivitis vs. Periodontitis

    • Gingivitis: Bacterial infection confined to the gingiva; reversible destruction.
    • Periodontitis: Bacterial infection of all parts of the periodontium; irreversible destruction.

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    Description

    This quiz evaluates the differences between healthy gingiva and gingivitis, focusing on clinical appearance, color, contour, consistency, and histological features. Test your understanding of the key characteristics that distinguish normal gum health from inflammation.

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