Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a significant characteristic of root surface caries?
What is a significant characteristic of root surface caries?
- It is more difficult to restore. (correct)
- It occurs only on enamel.
- It progresses slowly.
- It is often symptomatic.
What underlying condition can predispose a person to linear enamel caries?
What underlying condition can predispose a person to linear enamel caries?
- Hypocalcemia. (correct)
- Periodontal disease.
- Gingivitis.
- Dental fluorosis.
What defines secondary or recurrent caries?
What defines secondary or recurrent caries?
- Caries that develop beneath the gum line.
- Caries that affect only the root surface.
- Caries that occur adjacent to an existing restoration. (correct)
- Caries that arise from trauma.
What is a provisional diagnosis?
What is a provisional diagnosis?
What is the purpose of differential diagnosis?
What is the purpose of differential diagnosis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of dental caries?
Which of the following is a characteristic of dental caries?
Which combination of factors is necessary for the development of dental caries?
Which combination of factors is necessary for the development of dental caries?
What type of caries is characterized by demineralization without structural defect?
What type of caries is characterized by demineralization without structural defect?
Which type of caries involves the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth?
Which type of caries involves the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth?
Which of the following factors is NOT listed as contributing to dental caries?
Which of the following factors is NOT listed as contributing to dental caries?
What distinguishes deep complicated caries from deep caries?
What distinguishes deep complicated caries from deep caries?
Which sign is indicative of pit and fissure caries?
Which sign is indicative of pit and fissure caries?
What is the main limitation of visual diagnosis in detecting caries?
What is the main limitation of visual diagnosis in detecting caries?
Which of the following describes Class V smooth surface caries?
Which of the following describes Class V smooth surface caries?
Which assessment tool is considered the best choice for performing a caries diagnosis according to the ICCMS™?
Which assessment tool is considered the best choice for performing a caries diagnosis according to the ICCMS™?
What type of radiograph is typically used to detect interproximal caries in the posterior region?
What type of radiograph is typically used to detect interproximal caries in the posterior region?
Which of the following is NOT a method of conventional caries detection?
Which of the following is NOT a method of conventional caries detection?
What is the primary purpose of using an explorer in dental examinations?
What is the primary purpose of using an explorer in dental examinations?
What is a common symptom of cavities?
What is a common symptom of cavities?
What is the advantage of radiographic examination in caries diagnosis?
What is the advantage of radiographic examination in caries diagnosis?
Which of the following is a benefit of visual diagnosis?
Which of the following is a benefit of visual diagnosis?
What kind of radiation exposure poses a higher risk to children compared to adults?
What kind of radiation exposure poses a higher risk to children compared to adults?
What is the score assigned to the initial stage of caries in the ICCMS radiographical scoring system?
What is the score assigned to the initial stage of caries in the ICCMS radiographical scoring system?
What is the primary criterion for a carious lesion to be classified in the moderate stage according to the ICCMS scoring system?
What is the primary criterion for a carious lesion to be classified in the moderate stage according to the ICCMS scoring system?
Which method is increasingly replacing bitewing radiography for caries detection?
Which method is increasingly replacing bitewing radiography for caries detection?
Which stage in the ICCMS scoring system demonstrates radiolucency into the pulp and is clinically cavitated?
Which stage in the ICCMS scoring system demonstrates radiolucency into the pulp and is clinically cavitated?
Which of the following can be a method for caries detection based on light emission?
Which of the following can be a method for caries detection based on light emission?
What is a recommended practice to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure during radiographic diagnosis?
What is a recommended practice to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure during radiographic diagnosis?
What distinguishes the extensive stage in the ICCMS radiographical scoring system?
What distinguishes the extensive stage in the ICCMS radiographical scoring system?
What is one advantage of digital radiography over traditional X-ray film?
What is one advantage of digital radiography over traditional X-ray film?
Which method can quantitatively detect the difference in fluorescence between sound tissue and caries lesions?
Which method can quantitatively detect the difference in fluorescence between sound tissue and caries lesions?
Which of the following describes Fiber-optic transillumination (FOTI)?
Which of the following describes Fiber-optic transillumination (FOTI)?
What principle does the CarieScan PRO system rely on for detecting lesion sites?
What principle does the CarieScan PRO system rely on for detecting lesion sites?
What is the purpose of electric pulp testing?
What is the purpose of electric pulp testing?
Which method is used to visualize changes in tooth appearance using light?
Which method is used to visualize changes in tooth appearance using light?
Which statement is true about fiber-optic transillumination?
Which statement is true about fiber-optic transillumination?
Which technique is primarily qualitative in nature for dental diagnostics?
Which technique is primarily qualitative in nature for dental diagnostics?
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Study Notes
Dental Caries: Definition and Stages
- Dental caries, an irreversible microbial disease, begins with the demineralization of tooth surfaces and can lead to cavitation.
- Three factors are essential for caries development: a susceptible tooth, a diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates, and specific bacteria.
- Caries progression is influenced by individual factors, microorganisms, substrate for microorganisms, and duration/frequency of exposure.
- Stages of caries based on tissue involvement: Initial caries, Incipient (superficial) caries, Moderate caries, Deep caries (advanced), Deep complicated caries (severe).
- Caries stages are classified based on anatomical site: Occlusal, Smooth surface caries, Linear enamel caries, Root caries.
Detection Methods: Radiographs and Newer Approaches
- Radiographic assessment: Useful for confirming caries extent, detecting hidden lesions, and aiding clinical decision-making.
- Radiographic types: Bitewing, periapical, occlusal.
- Digital radiography: replaces film, offers enhanced image quality, can detect caries lesions, but requires technical skills and expensive equipment.
- Digital image enhancement: Offers superior results to radiographs when enhanced correctly, but demands significant technical expertise and expensive equipment.
- Digital subtraction radiography: A technique for detecting subtle changes.
- Tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT): A new imaging technique for early caries detection.
Alternative Methods Based on Light and Electricity
- Quantitative laser- light induced fluorescence: Detects differences in fluorescence between sound tissue and caries lesions.
- Fiber-optic transillumination (FOTI): A non-invasive, pain-free, and safe method for visualizing tooth changes and detecting shadows indicative of caries.
- Electrical conductance and impedance: Measuring the electrical conductance of the tooth detects demineralized enamel, porous sites, and cavities.
Conventional and Visual-Tactile Methods
- Visual detection: This is the most common method, involving visual inspection and using light to examine dental surfaces.
- Tactile sensation with explorers: Explorers are used to check the surface texture of suspected carious lesions and remove plaque and debris.
- Visual-tactile diagnosis: A combination of visual examination and exploration, but can be subjective and may miss lesions.
Benefits and Limitations of Diagnosis
- Visual diagnosis: Quick, easy, inexpensive, and avoids unnecessary radiation.
- Radiographic diagnosis: Requires care to minimize radiation exposure, especially for children at increased risk of radiation-related health issues.
- Proper diagnosis: Carried out with a combination of clinical examination and radiographs.
Special Tests
- Pulp vitality testing: Often indicated for selected teeth prior to restorative or orthodontic procedures.
- Electric Pulp Testing: Uses electrical current to assess pulp vitality.
- Cold pulp test: Absence of sensation suggests a non-vital tooth.
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