Dental Calculus Formation and Composition

Dental Calculus

• Dental calculus is a hard mineral deposit that can form on teeth.
• Dental calculus is also known as tartar.

Formation

• Calculus forms from plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on teeth.
• Within 48 hours, plaque begins to mineralize.
• This process is complete after 2 weeks.

Composition

• Calculus is usually composed of 70-90% inorganic matter and 10-30% organic matter.
• The inorganic components include calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite), magnesium, and phosphates.
• The organic components include bacteria, dead epithelial cells, and other organic debris.

Location

• Calculus can form above the gum line (supragingival calculus) or below the gum line (subgingival calculus).
• Supragingival calculus is typically located on the buccal, lingual, and occlusal surfaces of teeth.
• Subgingival calculus is located in the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket and is difficult to see without specialized instruments.
• Subgingival calculus can form on the tooth root, where it may be harder to remove.

Appearance

• Supragingival calculus often appears white or yellow.
• Subgingival calculus can be reddish due to bleeding and blood breakdown.
• Calculus has a hard, rough texture.

Structure

• The crystalline structure of calculus is similar to that of bone.
• Calculus has many holes and spaces.
• Calculus forms in bands, strands, or a rectangular shape.
• Calculus can be more prominent than the crown of the tooth.

Explore the fascinating world of dental calculus, also known as tartar. This quiz covers the formation, composition, and different locations of calculus on teeth, including supragingival and subgingival types. Test your knowledge on the mineral deposits that affect oral health.