Dental CAD/CAM: Processing and Milling of Zirconia Blocks
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Questions and Answers

What is an advantage of intra oral scanning over traditional impressions?

  • Need for model pouring
  • More time required
  • More patient discomfort
  • Less patient discomfort (correct)

    • What is necessary for taking digital impressions?

  • Moisture control and soft tissue retraction (correct)
  • Contact probe digitization
  • Laser light scanning
  • Shelves for model storage

    • What is the purpose of CAD in intra oral scanning?

  • To design the prosthesis (correct)
  • To take conventional impressions
  • To take 3-D virtual pictures of the prepared tooth
  • To produce models

    • What is the difference between contact and non-contact digitizing?

    <p>Contact digitizing uses a probe, while non-contact digitizing uses laser light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of non-contact digitizing over contact digitizing?

    <p>It is relatively quick in gathering data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of CT scan and MRI in CAD-CAM?

    <p>To acquire data for CAD-CAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of digital impression technique?

    <p>It requires careful moisture control and soft tissue retraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the CAD system in intra oral scanning?

    <p>To design the prosthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fourth component in the CAD/CAM dental chain?

    <p>NCMT (Numerical Control Machine Tools)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of manufacturing process involves removing materials?

    <p>Subtractive manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process that involves adding materials?

    <p>Additive manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main additive processes for formatting?

    <p>SLA, FDM, LM, and SLS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of CAD/CAM method enables the practitioner to construct a prosthesis in one single session?

    <p>Direct CAD/CAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of CAD/CAM method requires at least one visit to a dental surgery?

    <p>Semi-direct CAD/CAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of CAD/CAM method involves sending a standard manual chemical impression to the prosthetist or machining centre?

    <p>Indirect CAD/CAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of impression is processed on site in Direct CAD/CAM?

    <p>Intra-oral optical impression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor determines the materials used in CAD/CAM?

    <p>Manufacturing process adopted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of ceramics are used in CAD/CAM?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of CAM production in dentistry?

    <p>To compensate for shrinkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of milling a partially sintered zirconia block?

    <p>Final dimensions and density are achieved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of modern CAD/CAM materials?

    <p>Multi-chromatic and translucent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the study on marginal adaptation of Y-TZP bridges?

    <p>The marginal adaptation was not affected by milling time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has CAD/CAM enabled in restorative dentistry?

    <p>The development of ceramic-based restorations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an application of CAD/CAM in orthodontics?

    <p>Developing invisible alignment trays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between additive and subtractive techniques in CAD/CAM manufacturing?

    <p>The application of material versus cutting from a solid block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the presintered stage in ceramic processing?

    <p>To prepare the material for milling or grinding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of CAD/CAM in dentistry?

    <p>Improved efficiency in manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of prosthesis that can be created with CAD/CAM?

    <p>Removable prostheses on implants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ceramics are commonly used in CAD/CAM restorations?

    <p>Glass ceramics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using CAD/CAM restorations?

    <p>They offer excellent esthetics, biocompatibility, and wear resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a software solution developed by CAD/CAM for orthodontics?

    <p>Invisalign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the processing of ceramic materials in CAD/CAM manufacturing?

    <p>Sintering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of digital technology in medical devices?

    <p>Ensuring consistency and optimising traceability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for practitioners to master the digital technique?

    <p>A training phase learning to handle new materials and tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the benefits of CAD/CAM technology for patients?

    <p>Enjoying restorations that are more aesthetically pleasing and biocompatible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dematerialising in the context of the prosthetic chain?

    <p>Avoiding the accumulation of inaccuracies inherent in traditional techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of using CAD/CAM technology for practitioners?

    <p>Developing their professional skills on a daily basis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of eliminating the physical impression stage in CAD/CAM?

    <p>Reducing patient discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of the development of new, innovative materials in CAD/CAM?

    <p>Increasing the need for safety and quality standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the ways practitioners can set themselves apart from the competition using CAD/CAM?

    <p>By enhancing their work and their surgery's technical platform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    CAD/CAM Systems for Dentistry

    • CAD/CAM systems produce a framework that compensates for shrinkage by creating an enlarged framework.
    • A partially sintered zirconia block is selected for milling, and then undergoes sintering to attain final dimensions, density, and strength.

    Marginal Adaptation

    • Studies have shown that the marginal adaptation of Y-TZP bridges processed with the Lava system for 2 milling times (75 mins vs 56 mins) did not affect the marginal adaptation (61±25 μm vs 59±21 μm).

    CAD/CAM Manufacturing Systems

    • CAD/CAM systems use additive or subtractive techniques to manufacture restorations.
    • Additive techniques include:
      • Stereolithography
      • 3D printing
      • Resin
      • Selective laser sintering
    • Subtractive techniques include:
      • Milling
      • Cutting from a solid block
      • Pressing/milling

    Restorative Materials for CAD/CAM

    • CAD/CAM systems can be used with various ceramic materials, including:
      • Presintered alumina or zirconia blocks
      • Veneer ceramics
      • Glass ceramics (e.g., Dicor, Vita Mark II)
    • These materials offer excellent esthetics, biocompatibility, color stability, low thermal conductivity, and wear resistance.

    Advantages and Disadvantages of CAD/CAM

    • Advantages:
      • Less patient discomfort
      • Takes less time
      • No need for model pouring
      • No extra space required to keep models
    • Disadvantages:
      • More patient discomfort (traditional method)
      • Takes more time (traditional method)
      • Model pouring is needed (traditional method)
      • Shelves are required to keep models (traditional method)

    Intra Oral Scanning

    • Intra oral scanning systems available in the market include:
      • CEREC by Sirona Dental System GMBH (DE)
      • Lava C.O.S. by 3M ESPE (US)
      • iTero by CADENT LTD (IL) and TECHNOLOGIES, LLC (US)
    • These systems take 3-D virtual pictures of the prepared tooth/teeth and adjacent structures directly into the patient's mouth.

    Digital Impression Techniques

    • Digital impression techniques include:
      • Intra oral scanning
      • Contact and non-contact digitizing
      • CT scan/MRI
    • These techniques require consideration of factors such as moisture control, soft tissue retraction, and hemostasis.

    CAD/CAM Technologies

    • CAD/CAM technologies include:
      • Direct CAD/CAM: enables the practitioner to construct a prosthesis in one single session
      • Semi-direct CAD/CAM: requires at least one visit to a dental surgery; the data can be processed in the surgery or transmitted to an online laboratory or machining center
      • Indirect CAD/CAM: the practitioner produces a standard manual chemical impression that is sent to the prosthetist or machining center

    Applications of CAD/CAM

    • CAD/CAM technology has led to the improvement of existing therapeutic solutions and paved the way for new solutions
    • Applications include:
      • Restorative dentistry
      • Prosthetics
      • Implantology
      • Oral surgery
      • Orthodontics
    • CAD/CAM can be used for indirect restorations, single and multiple fixed prostheses, inlay cores, dental veneers, supra-implantary prostheses, and even temporary prostheses.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the processing of zirconia blocks using CAD/CAM technology in dentistry. It explores the effects of milling and sintering on the framework's dimensions, density, and strength.

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