Dental Bonding Techniques Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What classification is given to a high noble metal alloy?

Only includes palladium and platinum

Contains no base metals

Greater than 40% gold content and greater than 60% noble metal content (correct)

Greater than 25% noble metal content

Which property of alloys is important for resisting occlusal forces?

Corrosion resistance

Modulus (correct)

Density

Melting point

What is the primary purpose of etching in dentistry?

To enhance the aesthetic appearance of the tooth

To remove or modify the smear layer (correct)

To decrease the bonding time of adhesives

To reinforce the tooth structure

How can the hardness of an alloy be increased?

With heat treatment Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes predominantly base metal alloys?

Low density and low cost Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a bonding agent used in dentistry?

Silicone Signup and view all the answers

What is the solidus temperature in casting alloys?

The lowest temperature at which the entire alloy is solid Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of self-etch bonding systems?

They usually consist of a one- or two-step process Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals is known to have questionable biocompatibility?

Nickel Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by mechanical interlocking in dental adhesion?

The penetration of one material into the irregularities of another Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of heat on metals during casting?

They expand when heated and shrink upon cooling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a functional monomer used in self-etching systems?

10-MDP Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the etch and rinse bonding strategy from the self-etch strategy?

Self-etch does not involve acid etching Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of noble alloys?

They often have copper and silver added for strength Signup and view all the answers

Which acid is commonly used during the etching process in dentistry?

37% phosphoric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of primers in bonding systems?

To bond the collagen with hydrophilic ends Signup and view all the answers

What affects the biocompatibility of titanium alloys?

The oxide layer formed on the titanium surface Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key benefit of Ti-6Al-4V compared to cp-Ti?

Improved mechanical properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of Ti-6Al-4V?

90% titanium, 6% aluminum, 4% vanadium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dental cement is classified as a base material?

Resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main property of cement types classified as Type II?

Used for corrective restorative materials Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the ease of casting for alloys?

Lower solidification shrinkage Signup and view all the answers

What type of cement is known for its antibacterial properties?

Resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) Signup and view all the answers

Which grade of cp-Ti contains the highest oxygen content?

Grade 4 Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of all-ceramic alloy restorations?

Potential for better esthetics Signup and view all the answers

What type of impression material is classified as elastomeric?

Polyvinyl siloxane Signup and view all the answers

What are the common properties of alginates?

Hydrophilic nature and can form gels Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about addition silicones is correct?

They provide excellent dimensional stability. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of impression material is not hydrophilic?

Plaster-based material Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of polyether impression materials?

Requires moisture for proper storage Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the tear strength of addition silicones?

It is mid-low compared to other elastomeric materials. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature sets all-ceramic restorations apart from ceramic-alloy restorations?

Higher potential for esthetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding tear strength when using impression materials?

Preventing tearing in thin sections during removal Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dental stone is known for being the weakest in compressive strength?

Impression plaster - type I Signup and view all the answers

What does the setting time of an impression material refer to?

The total time taken for the material to become a solid Signup and view all the answers

How does strain rate affect the mechanical properties of dental materials?

Higher strain rates correspond with increased values of modulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called that converts calcium sulfate dihydrate to calcium sulfate hemihydrate?

Calcination Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes high strength/high-expansion dental stone (Type V)?

Compensates for the shrinkage of casting alloys Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference in viscosity behavior during the setting of impression materials?

Viscosity increases as the material begins to set Signup and view all the answers

What type of dental stone is referred to as hydrocal?

Type III dental stone Signup and view all the answers

What effect does temperature have on the flow properties of waxes as they approach their melting point?

Waxes become less viscous as temperature increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic behavior of many waxes under applied shear or pressure?

They exhibit non-Newtonian behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly reflects the properties of waxes when manipulated?

Waxes show little flow at room temperature but considerable flow when preparing a wax pattern. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of waxes is classified as synthetic?

Polyethylene wax Signup and view all the answers

What factor can influence the flow of wax during manipulation?

Applied force can cause changes in wax flow properties. Signup and view all the answers

Which property makes waxes suitable for dental applications?

Low compressive strength and flexibility. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of the melting behavior of waxes?

Waxes exhibit a melting range rather than a single melting point. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between residual stress in wax and the manipulation it undergoes?

Residual stress can be released as temperature increases. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Guidelines

Review all lectures, both online and in-person.
Exams are cumulative.
Consult guidelines for midterms.
Refer to the textbook pages listed in the syllabus.
Review the "Self-Test Questions" at the end of each chapter.

Adhesion and Bonding

Understand mechanical and chemical bonds used in dentistry.
Mechanical interlocking results from rough surface interlocks.
Chemical adhesion involves chemical reactions.
These methods can be used simultaneously.
Acid etching removes or modifies the smear layer.
37% phosphoric acid, EDTA, 10-MDP, 4-META, and phenyl-P are used.
Primers include HEMA and 4-META.
Common bonding agents include Bis-GMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA.
Understand different bonding strategies, such as etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and universal.
Note the number of steps and materials in each strategy.

Challenges of Bonding to Dentin

Retention is critical for long-term success.
Leaks, bacteria, caries, and inflammation can occur without adequate retention.
Biomaterial degradation, proper technique, and equipment calibration are essential for enduring results.
Water and organic components lower surface energy of dentin.
Dry collagen collapse can hinder resin infiltration.
High dentin tubule density makes bonding harder.
Disinfect before bonding with chlorohexidine or gluma.

Metals - Amalgam

Amalgam is a composite of silver alloy, mercury, and trace amounts of zinc and palladium.
Amalgamation involves elements dissolving into mercury.
Gamma 1 and 2 phases are crucial for amalgam's strength and resistance to corrosion.
High-copper amalgams have better properties than low-copper amalgams.
Silver, tin, and copper compositions affect the properties of the amalgam.
High-copper alloys offer higher strength, reduced corrosion, and better longevity.
Low-copper alloys are prone to expansion over time.
Shape influences properties; spherical shape generally gives better properties.

Ceramics and Properties

Identify ceramic composition and phases (crystal and glass).
Some ceramic types are better for appearance (ex: glassy ceramics).
Crystalline ceramics are sturdier than glassy ones.
Factors like strength, melting range, and density help categorize ceramics.
Understand different manufacturing methods like stacking, pressing, milling, and slip casting.
Mechanical and thermal properties of ceramics are essential for applications.
CTE (Coefficient of thermal expansion) discrepancies between materials are important.
Proper CTE matching leads to prevent failure.

Dental Ceramics and Restorations

Ceramics are biocompatible.
Ceramics are used in porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) and all-ceramic restorations.
PFM restorations mask the metal color with porcelain.
Some ceramic restorations require more complex cementation due to high hardness.
Refer to pages 213-192 for further reading.

Impression Materials

Understanding Hydrocolloids and Elastomers
Differentiate types of impression materials (alginates and elastomers), and their features.
Alginate: a dissolving solid dispersed in water (gel/sol), easily mixed, inexpensive.
Elastomers such as silicones and polyethers: flexible, cross-linked polymers; higher accuracy, better detail and dimensional stability.
Understand the setting reactions for materials.

Cements

Describe the types of cements (e.g., glass ionomer, resin modified glass ionomer, zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE)).
Note main properties, compositions, differences, and applications (lining, luting, restorative material)
Refer to pages 138-149 for full details.

Dental Stones

Identify different stone phases (dihydrate, hemihydrate).
Understand the effects of accelerators and retarders on setting time.
Water-powder ratio (W/P) effects on mechanical properties.
Refer to pages 98-113 for further reading.

Dental Waxes

Different types of waxes (natural and synthetic).
Properties like flow and temperature affect wax behavior.
Understand the use cases for different wax types (e.g., pattern waxes and processing waxes).

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Description

Test your understanding of adhesion and bonding in dentistry, including mechanical and chemical bonds. This quiz covers bonding strategies such as etch-and-rinse and self-etching, and essential materials used in dental adhesion.