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Questions and Answers
The crown surface is smooth and convex with maximum convexity at the cervical third known as the cervical ______.
The crown surface is smooth and convex with maximum convexity at the cervical third known as the cervical ______.
ridge
The lingual surface of all teeth is smaller in size than the labial due to the lingual ______.
The lingual surface of all teeth is smaller in size than the labial due to the lingual ______.
convergence
The proximal aspects of the tooth have a triangular ______.
The proximal aspects of the tooth have a triangular ______.
outline
The mesiodistal dimension is greater than the ______ dimension in the incisal aspect.
The mesiodistal dimension is greater than the ______ dimension in the incisal aspect.
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The outline of the crown is triangular in shape, with the base placed ______ and the apex placed lingually.
The outline of the crown is triangular in shape, with the base placed ______ and the apex placed lingually.
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The incisal ridge is considered an ______ on the lingual aspect of the tooth.
The incisal ridge is considered an ______ on the lingual aspect of the tooth.
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The cervical outline of the crown curves ______.
The cervical outline of the crown curves ______.
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The root surfaces typically have ______ smooth surfaces.
The root surfaces typically have ______ smooth surfaces.
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The pulp cavity of the upper central incisor exhibits three pulp horns corresponding to the three ______.
The pulp cavity of the upper central incisor exhibits three pulp horns corresponding to the three ______.
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The root canal of the upper central incisor tapers towards the ______.
The root canal of the upper central incisor tapers towards the ______.
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The pulp chamber of the upper lateral incisor is similar but ______ than that of the central incisor.
The pulp chamber of the upper lateral incisor is similar but ______ than that of the central incisor.
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Mandibular incisors are generally ______ than maxillary incisors.
Mandibular incisors are generally ______ than maxillary incisors.
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The incisal ridges of mandibular incisors are inclined ______ to the root axis.
The incisal ridges of mandibular incisors are inclined ______ to the root axis.
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The mandibular central incisor is the first mandibular tooth from the ______.
The mandibular central incisor is the first mandibular tooth from the ______.
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The geometric outline of the mandibular lateral incisor is a ______ shape for both facial and lingual aspects.
The geometric outline of the mandibular lateral incisor is a ______ shape for both facial and lingual aspects.
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The root canal of the mandibular central incisor is characterized by its ______ appearance.
The root canal of the mandibular central incisor is characterized by its ______ appearance.
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The proximal aspects of the crown have a ______ outline.
The proximal aspects of the crown have a ______ outline.
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The labial outline is convex with maximum convexity at the ______ third.
The labial outline is convex with maximum convexity at the ______ third.
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The incisal ridge is ______ to the root axis.
The incisal ridge is ______ to the root axis.
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In the mesial aspect, the contact area is located at the ______ third.
In the mesial aspect, the contact area is located at the ______ third.
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The root surface shows longitudinal developmental ______ that are deeper distally.
The root surface shows longitudinal developmental ______ that are deeper distally.
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The outline of the incisal aspect is in the shape of a ______.
The outline of the incisal aspect is in the shape of a ______.
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The cingulum is typically centered but can be displaced ______.
The cingulum is typically centered but can be displaced ______.
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The cervical outline curves ______.
The cervical outline curves ______.
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Its crown has a fan shaped ______ in the lower central incisor.
Its crown has a fan shaped ______ in the lower central incisor.
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The incisal edge is straight and ______ to the long axis of the tooth.
The incisal edge is straight and ______ to the long axis of the tooth.
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The root of the lower central incisor tapers toward the pointed ______.
The root of the lower central incisor tapers toward the pointed ______.
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Shallow developmental grooves could be seen separating ______ in newly erupted teeth.
Shallow developmental grooves could be seen separating ______ in newly erupted teeth.
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The ______ surface is smooth and convex with maximum convexity at the cervical third.
The ______ surface is smooth and convex with maximum convexity at the cervical third.
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The elevations include the cingulum and ______ ridges.
The elevations include the cingulum and ______ ridges.
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The lingual fossa is a shallow ______ found on the lingual aspect of teeth.
The lingual fossa is a shallow ______ found on the lingual aspect of teeth.
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The cingulum in lower lateral incisors is centered ______ to the center of the lingual surface.
The cingulum in lower lateral incisors is centered ______ to the center of the lingual surface.
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The crown of the maxillary lateral incisor is smaller in all dimensions than the maxillary ______ incisor.
The crown of the maxillary lateral incisor is smaller in all dimensions than the maxillary ______ incisor.
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The root of the maxillary lateral incisor is ______ and has a developmental depression on its mesial surface.
The root of the maxillary lateral incisor is ______ and has a developmental depression on its mesial surface.
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In the incisal outline of the maxillary lateral incisor, the mesio-incisal angle is ______ compared to the disto-incisal angle.
In the incisal outline of the maxillary lateral incisor, the mesio-incisal angle is ______ compared to the disto-incisal angle.
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The lingual fossa of the maxillary lateral incisor is more ______ and circumscribed.
The lingual fossa of the maxillary lateral incisor is more ______ and circumscribed.
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The contact area of the maxillary lateral incisor is near the incisal third at the ______ angle.
The contact area of the maxillary lateral incisor is near the incisal third at the ______ angle.
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The mesial surface of the maxillary lateral incisor is flatter than the distal surface, making it ______.
The mesial surface of the maxillary lateral incisor is flatter than the distal surface, making it ______.
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The maxillary lateral incisor features a well-developed ______ to aid in tooth function.
The maxillary lateral incisor features a well-developed ______ to aid in tooth function.
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The root of the maxillary lateral incisor tapers evenly to the ______ third before curving distally.
The root of the maxillary lateral incisor tapers evenly to the ______ third before curving distally.
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The upper central has a well-developed ______ compared to the lateral.
The upper central has a well-developed ______ compared to the lateral.
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The incisal angles of the upper lateral are typically ______ than those of the upper central.
The incisal angles of the upper lateral are typically ______ than those of the upper central.
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The lingual fossa of the lower incisors is generally ______ developed compared to the upper incisors.
The lingual fossa of the lower incisors is generally ______ developed compared to the upper incisors.
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The shape of the geometric outline for the incisal aspect of the upper central is typically ______.
The shape of the geometric outline for the incisal aspect of the upper central is typically ______.
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The contact area of the upper lateral incisor is located near the ______ angle.
The contact area of the upper lateral incisor is located near the ______ angle.
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The cervical line of the upper central incisor is ______ incisally convex.
The cervical line of the upper central incisor is ______ incisally convex.
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The cervical curvature of the upper lateral incisor is less by ______ mm than that of the mesial side.
The cervical curvature of the upper lateral incisor is less by ______ mm than that of the mesial side.
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In terms of root development, the upper central incisor typically has a ______ root.
In terms of root development, the upper central incisor typically has a ______ root.
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Study Notes
Surface Anatomy of Permanent Teeth
- Anterior teeth are divided into incisors and canines.
- Incisors consist of four maxillary and four mandibular incisors.
- Central incisors contact each other mesially and lateral incisors distally.
- Lateral incisors contact central incisors mesially and canines distally.
- All anterior teeth (incisors and canines) are formed of four lobes: 3 labially and 1 lingually.
- Enamel organ appearance occurs at 5 months.
- Calcification starts at 3-4 months (except for the 2nd which is 10-12 months).
- Crown is completed by 4-5 years.
- Eruption happens between 6-8 years.
- Root completion is between 10-12 years.
Tooth Description
- For easy descriptions, geometric outlines and surfaces of the crown and root (anatomical landmarks) are important.
- All teeth have five aspects: facial, lingual, mesial, distal, and incisal.
- Maxillary central incisor is the first tooth from the midline.
- The two upper central incisors are widest of all incisors.
- The crown is the longest of all human teeth.
- Facial and lingual aspects of crown feature a trapezoidal outline with the smallest uneven side cervically.
- Cervical outline is convex rootwise, mesial and distal outlines are convex.
- Incisal outline is straightforward and may have mamelons. There is a sharp mesioincisal angle and a rounded distoincisal angle.
- The root has a mesial and distal outline that tapers to a blunt apex.
- The apex is centralized on the long axis, permitting rotation movement during extraction.
Crown Surface Anatomy
- Labial aspect: smooth and convex, with maximum convexity at the cervical third (cervical ridge).
- Shallow developmental grooves may separate mamelons. Root surface is smooth and convex.
- Lingual aspects include marginal ridges (mesial and distal), cingulum (cervically), and incisal ridge.
- Lingual fossa is a depression.
- The lingual surface is smaller than the labial surface due to lingual convergence. This allows for the larger arch size facially compared to lingually.
Proximal Aspects
- Proximal aspects (mesial and distal) have a triangular outline, base cervically, and apex incisally.
- Labial outline is convex with maximum convexity at the cervical third.
- Lingual outline is convex incisally, concave in the middle, and convex cervically.
- Cervical outline curves incisally.
Root Anatomy
- The outlines of the root taper from the cervical line to a blunt rounded apex.
Incisor Aspects
- Incisal aspect outline is triangular-shaped with the base placed labially and apex lingually. Mesiodistal dimensions are greater than labiolingual dimensions. The crown tapers lingually.
- Elevations and depressions in the crown are visible lingually and labially.
- The lingual surface of all teeth is smaller than the labial surface.
- Upper and lower central incisors have similar elevations and depressions but differ in other aspects (e.g., size).
Mandibular Incisors
- Mandibular incisors are smaller than maxillary incisors.
- The width is smaller than the thickness.
- Mamelon's are worn off soon after eruption.
- Incisal ridges are inclined lingually.
Maxillary Lateral Incisor
- Size: The crown is broader than its predecessors.
- Crown: Its broader than other predecessors, and the longest of the anterior teeth.
- Root: Longer than the central incisor. The crown is smaller in all dimensions compared to the central incisor.
Pulp Cavity
- The pulp chamber is wide, conforming to the crown's shape, and has three pulp horns corresponding to the three mamelons.
- The root canal tapers toward the apex. The pulp chamber is pointed incisally and follows the crown's increasing cervical dimensions. The root canal tapers gradually.
- The pulp cavity of the upper lateral incisor is similar but smaller than that of the central incisor. It contains a single root canal and pulp chamber.
Malformations
- Peg-shaped lateral incisors and missing lateral incisors are malformations of upper permanent lateral incisors.
Tooth Differences
- The differences between upper central incisors and upper lateral incisors include size, elevations, depressions, and incisal angles.
Mesial Aspect
- The crown is long and thick labiolingually; the Mesial surface is flat and the contact area is at the I/3 near the MI angle.
- If the crown is shorter and thinner, the surface is flatter. The contact area is near or at the junction of I & M 1/3.
Distal Aspect
- The contact area is more cervically than mesially.
- The cervical curvature is less by 1 mm than mesially.
- The root shows a developmental depression.
Geometric Outline in Crown
- Proximal (mesial and distal) aspects have triangular outlines. The base is cervically, and the apex is incisally.
Elevations and Depressions in Crown
- Elevations and depressions are well-developed in the upper teeth compared to the lower teeth.
Cervical Lines
- Curvature in the cervical lines is less distally compared to mesially. The height of curvature decreases from upper teeth to lower teeth.
Lingual Inclination
- Lingual inclination is a characteristic of lower teeth. The incisal ridge is lingual to the root axis. This facilitates proper occlusion.
Distal Aspect Details
- Contact area is more cervically than mesially.
- Cervical curvature is less by 1mm than mesially.
- Root shows developmental depression.
Incisal Aspect Details
- Outline is diamond-shaped; labiolingual (thickness) is greater than the mesiodistal dimension.
- Incisal ridge in 1 is at right angles to a line bisecting the crown labiolingually.
- Cingulum is centered. Crown tapers lingually.
- Incisal edge may not be at a right angle to the crown labio-lingually.
- Cingulum is displaced distally.
- Cingulum of 1 is more distal. Crown is twisted distolingually on its root allowing its incisal ridge to follow the dental arch curve.
Additional Information
- The root surface shows a longitudinal developmental depression that is deeper distally than mesially.
- The upper teeth have a more pronounced convexity of the labial and lingual outlines than the lower teeth.
- The mesio-incisal angle is sharp, while the disto-incisal angle is rounded.
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Description
Test your knowledge of dental anatomy with this quiz covering various aspects of tooth structure and characteristics. From crown surfaces to pulp chambers, challenge your understanding of incisors and their unique features. Ideal for dental hygiene and dentistry students.
