Dental Anatomy: Permanent Maxillary Molars
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of the mesio-buccal cusp?

  • It has a sharper angle at its mesial and distal slopes.
  • It has a right angle at its mesial and distal slopes.
  • It is broader than the disto-buccal cusp. (correct)
  • It is smaller than the disto-buccal cusp.

    • How many cusps are visible from the buccal aspect?

  • 3
  • 5
  • 2
  • 4 (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of the buccal developmental groove?

  • It starts at the cervical and terminates apically. (correct)
  • It starts at the occlusal and terminates at the cervical.
  • It starts at the center and curves distally.
  • It is not visible from the buccal aspect.

    • What is the characteristic of the disto-lingual cusp?

    <p>It is a small, spheroidal, smooth cusp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lingual developmental groove?

    <p>It starts at the center and curves distally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many roots do permanent maxillary molars have?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cusp of Carabelli?

    <p>It is located 1.5 mm cervical to the mesio-lingual cusp tip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of maxillary molars?

    <p>Grinding and supporting muscles of mastication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many roots are visible from the lingual aspect?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the distal outline of the lingual aspect?

    <p>It is semicircular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the occlusal outline of the maxillary first molar?

    <p>Rhomboidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the non-functional cusp on the lingual surface of the mesio-lingual cusp of the maxillary first molar?

    <p>Cusp of Carabelli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do maxillary first molars erupt?

    <p>6 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the first evidence of calcification of maxillary first molars occur?

    <p>At birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many well-separated and well-developed roots does the maxillary first molar have?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the convexity of the cervical line on the buccal aspect of the maxillary first molar?

    <p>Toward the root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the buccal outline at the junction of the cervical third and middle third?

    <p>Crest of curvature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the mesio-buccal and disto-lingual line angles?

    <p>Acute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed by the union of the triangular ridge of the disto-buccal cusp and the distal ridge of the mesio-lingual cusp?

    <p>An oblique ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the mesial marginal ridge located?

    <p>At the level of 1/5 the height of the crown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the lingual root from the mesial aspect?

    <p>Banana shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major fossae are there on the occlusal surface of the tooth?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the mesial triangular fossa?

    <p>Distal to the mesial marginal ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the mesial and distal marginal ridges?

    <p>The distal marginal ridge is located more cervically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the occlusal outline?

    <p>Rhomboidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many developmental grooves are there on the occlusal surface of the tooth?

    <p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the central pit?

    <p>At the junction between the central groove and the buccal developmental groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of the cusps from largest to smallest?

    <p>Mesio-lingual, mesio-buccal, distolingual, disto-buccal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the distal bifurcation?

    <p>5mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the distal oblique groove?

    <p>Oblique direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many roots can be seen from the distal aspect?

    <p>3 roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the distal pit?

    <p>At the junction between the distal fossa and distal triangular fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Permanent Maxillary Molars

    • The largest and strongest teeth in the maxillary arch, with three roots: two buccal and one lingual (palatal).
    • They erupt behind the deciduous molars and have a main function of grinding food and supporting the muscles of mastication and vertical dimension.

    Maxillary First Molar

    • The largest tooth in the maxillary arch.
    • Principal identifying features:
      • Rhomboidal occlusal outline.
      • The presence of a fifth cusp (the cusp of Carabelli) on the lingual surface of the mesio-lingual cusp.
      • The presence of an oblique ridge extending from the mesiolingual cusp to the disto-buccal cusp.
      • Three well-separated and well-developed roots: two buccal and one lingual, with the lingual root being the longest.
      • Eruption time at 6 years, with first evidence of calcification at birth.

    Buccal Aspect

    • The crown is roughly trapezoidal, with the cervical line showing very little convexity, directed towards the root.
    • Mesial outline of the crown is straight until it reaches the contact area, then convex to the tip of the cusp.
    • Distal outline of the crown is convex, with the contact area located at the center of the middle third.
    • Mesio-buccal cusp is broader than the disto-buccal cusp, with the mesial and distal slopes meeting at an obtuse angle, and the mesial and distal slopes of the disto-buccal cusp meeting at a right angle.

    Lingual Aspect

    • Semicircular distal outline from the cervical to the occlusal tip of the cusp.
    • Mesial outline is the same as in the buccal aspect.
    • Lingual cusps only are visible.
    • Mesio-lingual cusp is the largest, accounting for 3/5 of the mesio-distal width of the crown, with an obtuse angle.
    • Disto-lingual cusp accounts for 2/5 of the mesio-distal dimension, with no angle visible at the tip due to its small spheroidal smooth cusp.
    • Lingual developmental groove starts at the center mesio-distally, curves sharply distally, and continues on the occlusal surface.

    Mesial Aspect

    • Buccal outline has a crest of curvature at the junction of the cervical third and middle, with a convex outline to the crest of curvature, then slightly concave to the junction of the middle and occlusal third, and convex again to the tip of the cusp.
    • Lingual outline has a crest of curvature within the middle third, with a convex pattern until it reaches the tip of the cusp.
    • Mesial marginal ridge is located at a level 1/5 the height of the crown.
    • Cervical line curves occlusally about 1 mm.
    • Mesial contact area is buccal to the bucco-lingual center of the crown at the junction of the occlusal and middle third.

    Distal Aspect

    • General outline is similar to the mesial aspect, except:
      • Bucco-lingual measurement is more mesially than distally.
      • Distal marginal ridge is located more cervically, so part of the occlusal surface is visible.
      • Curvature of the cervical line is straight zero.
      • All three roots are visible, with the distobuccal root being the smallest.
      • Distal bifurcation is 5 mm in length, while mesial aspect is 3 mm in dimension.

    Occlusal Aspect

    • Occlusal outline is rhomboidal, with a greater bucco-lingual measurement mesially than distally, and a greater mesio-distal measurement lingually than buccally.
    • Four well-developed cusps are visible:
      • Mesio-lingual cusp is the largest.
      • Mesio-buccal cusp.
      • Disto-lingual cusp.
      • Disto-buccal cusp.
      • Cusp of Carabelli (secondary cusp).
    • Mesio-buccal and disto-lingual line angles are acute, and the mesio-lingual and disto-buccal line angles are obtuse.
    • Oblique ridge is formed by the union of the triangular ridge of the disto-buccal cusp and the distal ridge of the mesiolingual cusp, crossing the occlusal surface obliquely.
    • Four fossae are present:
      • Mesial central fossa.
      • Linear distal fossa.
      • Mesial triangular fossa.
      • Distal triangular fossa.
    • Six developmental grooves are present:
      • Central developmental groove.
      • Buccal developmental groove.
      • Distal oblique groove.
      • Lingual developmental groove.
      • Transverse groove of the oblique ridge.
      • Fifth cusp groove.
    • Three pits are present:
      • Central pit.
      • Mesial pit.
      • Distal pit.

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    Description

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