Questions and Answers
What property of oil makes it float on water?
Density
Why would heating the gas in a hot air balloon make the balloon rise?
The heated air expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding cool air.
What is the difference between density and specific gravity?
Density is mass per volume; specific gravity is the ratio of an object's density to water's density.
What is the density of an object that has a mass of 18.4g and a volume of 11.2mL?
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What is the specific gravity of an object with a density of 1.64 g/mL?
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An object with a density greater than water will sink.
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What is the volume of a 15.0g sample of a liquid with a density of 0.875g/mL?
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What mass of a liquid is in 34.6mL if the density is 0.875g/mL?
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Study Notes
Density and Specific Gravity Concepts
- Oil floats on water due to its lower density; oil density is 0.92 g/mL compared to water's 1.00 g/mL.
- Heating air in a hot air balloon causes it to expand, resulting in a decreased density, enabling the balloon to rise.
Comparison of Density and Specific Gravity
- Density measures mass per unit volume; specific gravity compares the density of a substance to the density of water (1.00 g/mL).
- Specific gravity has no units because the units of density cancel out in the ratio:
- Density = mass of substance / volume of substance
- Specific gravity = density of substance (g/mL) / density of water (1.00 g/mL)
Density Calculation Example
- For an object with a mass of 18.4 g and a volume of 11.2 mL, density is calculated as:
- Density = mass / volume = 18.4 g / 11.2 mL = 1.64 g/mL
Specific Gravity Calculation Example
- For the same object (mass 18.4 g, volume 11.2 mL), specific gravity is calculated as:
- Specific gravity = density of the substance (1.64 g/mL) / density of water (1.00 g/mL) = 1.64
Determining Sinking or Floating
- An object with a density greater than that of water (1.64 g/mL) will sink when placed in water.
Volume Calculation from Mass and Density
- For a 15.0 g liquid with a density of 0.875 g/mL:
- Volume = mass / density = 15.0 g / 0.875 g/mL = 17.1 mL
Mass Calculation from Volume and Density
- For the same liquid with a density of 0.875 g/mL in a volume of 34.6 mL:
- Mass = density x volume = 0.875 g/mL x 34.6 mL = 30.3 g
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of density and specific gravity, explaining their definitions and calculations. It includes examples such as the behavior of oil and water, as well as practical calculations for both density and specific gravity. Test your understanding and application of these essential physical science concepts.
