Dengue and Zika Virus Dynamics in Monkeys

The movement of a virus from a wild animal population to humans.

The movement of a virus from humans back into a wild animal population.

The natural cycle of a virus in a wild animal population.

The study of how viruses spread and evolve within and between hosts.

The trade-off between a virus's ability to spread quickly and its ability to stay alive in a host for a long time.

A type of mathematical model used to predict how viruses spread.

The use of data and algorithms to predict events.

A type of primate that is a known host for Zika and Dengue viruses.

A strategy where a virus replicates slowly but persistently in a host, leading to a long-lasting infection.

A strategy where a virus replicates rapidly in a host, resulting in a high viral load but a shorter infection.

The ability of a virus to spread from an infected individual to a mosquito.

A type of immune cell that plays a crucial role in controlling viral infections by killing infected cells.

The rate at which a virus replicates within a host.

The length of time a virus persists in a host.

A type of antibody that neutralizes viruses by binding to them and preventing them from entering cells.

The process of a virus being cleared from a host's body.

A type of mosquito that's native to Asia but found globally. It can transmit dengue and Zika.

The interaction between a virus and the host's immune system, where the virus replicates and the host's immune system tries to clear it.

A high viral concentration in the blood, usually indicating a strong infection.

A virus that is found in wild animals.

The study of how viruses spread and evolve within a population.

A statistical method used to adjust for multiple comparisons. It reduces the risk of false-positive results by lowering the significance level for each individual comparison.

A measure of the neutralizing antibody response. It indicates the dilution of antibody that is needed to neutralize 50% of the virus.

The process of developing detectable antibodies against a specific antigen, often in response to infection.

The number of infectious mosquitoes that were allowed to bite the NHPs, as a measure of virus exposure.

The presence of virus in the blood.

Saliva samples from mosquitoes that fed on infected NHPs were used to determine if they acquired the virus.

Measurements of neutralizing antibody response against the virus, measured at different time points post-infection.

A measurement used to determine the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies. A PRNT50 titer indicates that 50% of the virus is neutralized, while a PRNT80 indicates that 80% of the virus is neutralized. It helps scientists assess the level of protection against a virus.

A group of eight macaques that were intentionally exposed to dengue virus (DENV-2) through mosquito bites.

A specific macaque (BC407) that was part of the low- and high-dose group. This macaque did not develop antibodies even after a mosquito bite, showcasing a unique response to the virus.

This refers to the specific type of dengue virus that was used in the study involving macaques. This is one of the four serotypes of dengue virus.

A measure of how well antibodies can neutralize (inactivate) a virus. A high PRNT80 titer indicates that the antibodies are very effective at preventing the virus from infecting cells.

A laboratory test to detect the presence of antibodies against a specific virus in a blood sample. A positive serological test indicates that the individual has been exposed to the virus and has developed antibodies.

An experimental method to study the transmission of a virus between different species. It involves infecting a susceptible animal with the virus and then allowing infected mosquitoes to feed on that animal and then on another animal to see if the virus is successfully transmitted.

A type of regression analysis where the predictor variable (e.g., dose of virus) is a continuous variable, and the outcome variable (e.g., likelihood of becoming viremic) is a binary variable, meaning it can take on one of two possible values (e.g., yes or no).

A type of hypothesis that suggests that there is no relationship between the variables under investigation. In this case, the hypothesis was that the dose of DENV-2 delivered had no significant effect on the likelihood of squirrel monkeys becoming viremic.

A statistical test that assesses the strength of the association between two or more variables, using the F-statistic and p-value. An F-value above a threshold value, with a low p-value (typically less than 0.05), indicates a strong association.