Demonstrative Adjectives: This, That, These, Those

Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative adjectives are used to point out specific nouns or pronouns in a sentence. They indicate which person or thing is being referred to.

This, That, These, Those

This and That

• This is used to refer to a person or thing close to the speaker:
  • This book is mine.
  • This morning, I woke up late.
• That is used to refer to a person or thing farther away from the speaker:
  • That book is on the table.
  • That house is my friend's.

These and Those

• These is used to refer to multiple people or things close to the speaker:
  • These books are mine.
  • These flowers are beautiful.
• Those is used to refer to multiple people or things farther away from the speaker:
  • Those books are on the shelf.
  • Those people are my friends.

Key Differences

• This and these are used for things near the speaker, while that and those are used for things farther away.
• This and that are used for singular nouns, while these and those are used for plural nouns.

Examples

• This car is red. (singular, close to the speaker)
• Those cars are red. (plural, farther away from the speaker)
• I like these shoes. (plural, close to the speaker)
• I like that shirt. (singular, farther away from the speaker)

Demonstrative Adjectives

• Demonstrative adjectives are used to point out specific nouns or pronouns in a sentence.
• They indicate which person or thing is being referred to.

This, That, These, Those

This and That

• This is used for a person or thing close to the speaker.

• This is used for singular nouns.

• Examples: This book is mine, This morning, I woke up late.

• That is used for a person or thing farther away from the speaker.

• That is used for singular nouns.

• Examples: That book is on the table, That house is my friend's.

These and Those

• These is used for multiple people or things close to the speaker.

• These is used for plural nouns.

• Examples: These books are mine, These flowers are beautiful.

• Those is used for multiple people or things farther away from the speaker.

• Those is used for plural nouns.

• Examples: Those books are on the shelf, Those people are my friends.

Key Differences

• This and these are used for things near the speaker, while that and those are used for things farther away.
• This and that are used for singular nouns, while these and those are used for plural nouns.

Examples

• This car is red. (singular, close to the speaker)
• Those cars are red. (plural, farther away from the speaker)
• I like these shoes. (plural, close to the speaker)
• I like that shirt. (singular, farther away from the speaker)

Demonstrative Adjectives

• Point out specific people or things
• Four types: This (singular, near speaker), That (singular, away from speaker), These (plural, near speaker), Those (plural, away from speaker)

Clothing Vocabulary

• Types of clothing include:
  • Tops: shirt, blouse, t-shirt, sweater, jacket
  • Bottoms: pants, jeans, trousers, skirt, dress
  • Footwear: shoes, boots, sandals, sneakers
  • Accessories: hat, scarf, belt, watch

Forming Plural Nouns

• Most nouns become plural by adding -s or -es
• Examples: Cat -> Cats, Bus -> Buses
• Nouns ending in -s, -sh, -ch, or -x add -es: Bus -> Buses, Dish -> Dishes
• Nouns ending in -o add -es: Photo -> Photos
• Irregular plural nouns:
  • Man -> Men
  • Woman -> Women
  • Child -> Children