Demonetization: Impact and Analysis

• The Reserve Bank of India's 2017-18 annual report showed that 99.3% of demonetized currency notes returned to the banking system.
• The hope that a large portion of unaccounted money would not return to the system was largely unmet.
• Demonetization unintentionally acted as an amnesty scheme for those converting unaccounted money.
• Demonetization did not have political consequences for Narendra Modi, despite economic costs.
• The Reserve Bank of India report indicates a surge in counterfeiting of the new ₹500 and ₹2,000 notes.
• There have been some benefits, such as an increase in income tax returns filed.
• Accepting mistakes and planning flaws strengthens governance processes.
• Sudden shocks to the economy do not always achieve the intended policy objectives.
• The author suggests that the demonetization drive did not yield the desired results, although some positive aspects can be appreciated.
• The government should acknowledge errors in judgment and rectify them by accepting mistakes.
• The economy has its own rhythm, and it shouldn't be presumed that any immediate policy decision will have a positive impact.
• The number of income tax returns filed after demonetization has increased.

NITI Aayog and AI

• NITI Aayog has developed an ambitious plan for India to become an artificial intelligence (AI) powerhouse.
• AI is defined as the use of computers to make decisions typically made by humans.
• NITI Aayog envisions AI solutions for India in agriculture, healthcare, education, smart cities, infrastructure, and transport.
• In agriculture, AI-powered machines will furnish data to farmers about soil quality, timing for sowing, herbicide spraying, and pest infestation prediction.
• India has 30 million farmers with smartphones but lacks sufficient extension services; AI could help agricultural universities advise them.
• Machine learning, a key technology in AI, requires significant amounts of data as input.
• Deep learning, a more sophisticated machine-learning form, mimics the human brain but needs even more data.
• India's lack of data in sectors such as agriculture is hindering AI-based businesses.
• Some AI start-ups offer solutions, but scaling to cover the entire value chain is a challenge.
• Deep learning does not work for every company in India due to data scarcity.
• Climate-Connect uses AI to predict solar plant power generation.
• Climate-Connect needs historical inputs like sunrise/sunset times and cloud cover.
• Traditional machine learning yields 95% accuracy for Climate-Connect.
• Only about 50 Indian scientists are conducting serious AI research.
• Customizing open-source machine learning code can solve Indian challenges.
• The government must collect and digitize data from running schemes to improve AI capabilities.
• India needs to set up institutes to improve the skill levels of people working in the field.
• AI can collect, validate, standardize, correlate, archive, and distribute data to organizations.
• AI's challenges include the need for huge amounts of data, funding bottlenecks, and a scarcity of qualified experts.
• Examples of AI usage include data processing of students, bank tellers using computers and the use of unmanned vehicles in the armed forces.

Industrial Waste in Malaysia

• Rapid industrial development in Malaysia has led to significant industrial waste pollution problems.
• Both domestic and industrial waste are discharged into surface water through sewage systems, and sometimes directly.
• Offshore oil and manganese extraction discharge pollutants directly into seas.
• Radioactive waste is dumped at sea in concrete barrels, which can later develop defects.
• Factories may illegally dump waste at sea to cut costs, instead of purifying their water.
• Oil is released into the sea via oil tankers and shipwrecks; pesticides are applied to water for pest control.
• Pollutant effects are more evident in small inland seas and lakes, which lack the natural dilution systems of oceans.
• Pollutants can dissolve in water or exist in suspension as droplets/particles, traveling farthest in fast-flowing rivers.
• High-rate microbial processes are being studied for cost-effective waste treatment.
• Industrial waste management is a growing concern in Malaysia.
• Improperly segregated or disposed waste can lead to dangerous outcomes.
• Managing toxic and hazardous waste mandates discipline, vigilance, and common sense.
• Rapid industrialization led to pollution via the discharge of industrial waste into water bodies.
• Oceans have a natural dilution system that reduces pollutants, unlike lakes.
• 'Segregated' means 'separated or divided'.
• 'Hazardous' is the opposite of 'benign', which means "not harmful".

E-Pharmacies

• E-pharmacies operate via websites or apps, offering medicines at discounts of at least 20%.
• E-pharmacies also provide home delivery.
• The legal status of e-pharmacies in India is unclear, as draft rules from 2018 have not been notified into law.
• Trade associations of pharmacists and chemists are strong opponents of e-pharmacies.
• Trade associations argue e-pharmacies threaten jobs and could lead to drug abuse and counterfeit drug sales.
• Existing pharmacies contribute to drug abuse and substandard medicine sales.
• E-pharmacies should be allowed, based on the potential to lower medicine prices.
• India's pharmacist trade associations have a history of rampant cartelisation, artificially inflating medicine prices.
• Cartelisation, or competitors colluding on price and operation areas, is illegal under India's Competition Act.
• Free markets are only efficient if sellers compete to offer the lowest prices.
• E-pharmacies benefit consumers through cartelization of pharmacist associations.
• Selling counterfeit drugs threatens public health.
• E pharmacy have added convenience of home delivery of medicine to one's doorstep..

Bad Bank

• Amidst rising NPAs, discussions to establish a 'bad bank' are gaining traction.
• The government and RBI are devising strategies for implementing such a scheme.
• The 2016-17 Economic Survey highlighted the 'twin balance sheet problem', with stressed companies and NPA-laden banks.
• The survey advocated for a centralized Public Sector Asset Rehabilitation Agency (PARA) to address the bad loans issue.
• Private Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs) haven't proven more successful than banks in resolving bad debts.
• International experience suggests a government-backed central agency can overcome difficulties hindering progress.
• A challenge for private sector ARCs is capital; none have been allowed to tap the capital market for funds.
• Kotak Mahindra Bank, having recently approved raising Rs. 5,300 crore equity, intends to capitalize on opportunities in stressed assets resolution.
• ARCs are badly capitalized, needing 2-3 well-capitalized 'bad' banks.
• Some central bank and government officials acknowledge capital as the biggest challenge in establishing a 'bad' bank.
• Approximatley 25,000 to 30,000 crore of capital is required to set up a bad bank.
• Kotak Mahindra Bank took its board's approval to raise Rs. 5,300 crore equity.
• The biggest challenge in setting up a 'bad' bank is capital.
• The phrase 'twin balance sheet' refers to stressed companies and NPA-laden banks.

Arranging Sentences

• ACDBE - The process of handing down implies not a passive transfer, but some contestation in defining what exactly is to be handed down.
• EDCAB - Every generation selects what it requires from the past and makes its innovations, some more than others.
• ECOAB - Before plants can take life from atmosphere, nitrogen must undergo transformations similar to ones that food undergoes in our digestive machinery.

Choosing Alternatives

• Pivotal means being of crucial importance.
• The opposite of Admonish is to Approve
• The opposite of Ecstasy is Despair
• The opposite of Veneration is Disrespect
• To perform upto the standard is the correct meaning for Cut the mustard
• Throw caution to the wind means To behave recklessly.
• A new achievement or distinction is an apt fit for Feather in one's cap

In each of the following sentence, there are two blank spaces.

• Mandate, Scanned is the most suitable
• Swayed, Conviction it is most appropriate
• Curbing, Setting, is the most suitable.

• If you want to complete this important assignment on time you must planned carefully
• In the 1970s banks were required to submit their detailed plans of expansion The organizers agreed to shift the conference at some place convenient to all participants.

Critical Reasoning

• Neither I nor II follows, The statement concentrates on the increasing viewership of TV and does not stress either on increasing the readership of newspapers or making studies regarding the same.
• Neither I nor II follows, the good wranglers are wise men. But it doesn't mean that all wise men are good wranglers. So, neither I nor II follows
• Either I or II follows. The Government seeks to review the policy so as to determine whether the diesel price needs to be increased or it can be kept stable by adjusting certain other factors. So, either decision may be taken
• The following is the family relationship chart U- (Father of Q) with husband of S

Solve the following questions

• In Qs. 44-46- (U is father of the Engineer. Among R and P, one is an Engineer. ) U is father of the Engineer among R and p ones an Engineer
• Two or three females members are there. As, the gender of P is unknown. two are correct
• Gender of P is unknown. So, P can be either 'granddaughter' or 'grandson granddaughter it is option 1 and 2 are correct
• The statement is (N+) which refers to father
• In a family of 10 members of which Bhavani Devi won a gold medal at the commonwealth Games to refer to Fencing.

Mathematical Skills

• Total number of balls in bag = 4 + 6 + 8 = 18.. Total number of yellow balls P = 20/204.
• In 25 if the total work of M1×H×D M2×H2×D2. 36. is the total no of working hours.
• If Radius = ( =7km.
• Then Circumference of T₁ =22 is the total number of Circumferences as indicated in option (d).
• If AD is diameter then the AB+B) (√an-1. B the answer is option (a) or (a +A(an+1)./ √a-Va
• Then LCM=(Then 3,000km was what this indicated in option a . So the new the correct answer
• If the % of qualified students from C is 1360 =and total institute is calculated to be in option and the answer is correct 15 So 8.68 option B is shown to be approximately =9.
• The answer can be determined in the given statement from the

14. or 2-411

• 3.14. 45- The number calculated to be In 2005 which is 8MM
• And the average population of The total sum would approximately .800 million.
• Then a chart is made of the three topics including a number line