Demography and Population Studies
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Questions and Answers

The study of population is ______.

demography

The term '______ of population' refers to the number of persons per sq. kilometer.

Density

______ is the count of individuals within a population.

Size

Population ______ observes the changes in the static physical properties of populations.

<p>Dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

The distribution of population refers to the way people are spaced over the surface of the ______.

<p>earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ population is one where individuals are densely packed together.

<p>dense</p> Signup and view all the answers

The geographic distribution of individuals within a population is referred to as ______.

<p>dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ distribution of a population describes the number of individuals in each age group.

<p>age</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Transition Model, often abbreviated as DTM, is a model used to understand population changes over time.

<p>Demographic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Demographic Transition Model has four stages: pre-industrial, urbanizing/industrializing, mature industrial, and ______.

<p>post-industrial</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ______ stage of the Demographic Transition Model, Crude birth rates (CBRs) and Crude death rates (CDRs) fluctuated significantly.

<p>first</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Revolution led to technological improvements in agricultural production, contributing to population growth.

<p>Industrial</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Revolution, which involved the spread of modern medicine, led to a decrease in death rates in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

<p>medical</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nation transitions from Stage 2 to Stage 3 of the demographic transition when ______ begin to drop.

<p>CBRs</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Stage 2, the ______ increased ten times faster than in the past due to the Industrial Revolution and increased wealth.

<p>global population</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Population

The number of people living in a specific geographic area.

Population Density

Number of individuals per square kilometer, indicating man-land ratio.

Population Distribution

The way people are spaced over the Earth's surface, can be linear, dispersed, or agglomerated.

Population Dynamics

Study of changes in population size through birth, death, immigration, and emigration rates.

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Factors Affecting Population Distribution

Elements influencing where people live, including climate, geography, and resources.

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Dispersion

The geographical distribution or clustering of individuals in a population.

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Sex Distribution

The ratio of males to females in a population affecting birth rates.

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Age Distribution

The distribution of individuals across various age groups in a population.

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Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model explaining changes in population over time due to development stages.

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Stage 1: Low Growth Rate

Initial stage of the Demographic Transition Model with equal birth and death rates.

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Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of live births per 1,000 people in a year.

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Industrial Revolution

A period of technological advancement that increased agricultural production and improved health.

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Medical Revolution

The introduction of Western medicine to developing nations, lowering death rates.

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Stage 3: Moderate Growth Rate

Stage where birth rates decline but death rates remain low, stabilizing growth.

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Study Notes

Population Overview

  • Population refers to the number of people living in a specific geographic area.
  • Demography is the study of population.
  • Population geography focuses on human populations.
  • Population size is the number of individuals in a population.
  • Bangladesh's population in 2022 is 165 million.

Population Distribution

  • Population distribution is the way people are spread across the Earth's surface.
  • Distribution can be linear, dispersed, or agglomerated.

Population Density

  • Population density is the number of people per square kilometer.
  • It indicates the man-land ratio.
  • Data for Bangladesh is presented in a graphic with varying colors and density values, implying variations of population density across regions.

Factors Affecting Population Distribution and Density

  • Important factors influencing population distribution and density include:
    • Climate
    • Geographical location
    • Natural vegetation
    • Land relief (configuration)
    • Soil fertility
    • Water availability (rivers)
    • Natural resources
    • Industry
    • Government policies
    • Political conditions

Migration

  • Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
  • The "push-pull" mechanism explains migration.
    • Push factors drive people away from a location.
    • Pull factors attract people to another location.
    • Intervening obstacles, such as distance, cost, and lack of qualifications, affect migration.

Population of Bangladesh

  • Bangladesh has a total population of 165 million (2022).
  • The population includes 83.4 million females and 81.6 million males.
  • Data is presented in a map graphic illustrating the distribution across different regions of the country.

Factors Affecting Population Growth

  • Population growth is impacted by various factors:
    • Age structure
    • Infant mortality rates
    • Child labor
    • Education levels
    • Social services
    • Religious and cultural beliefs
    • Status and educational level of women
    • Contraception and abortion rates
    • Government policies

Population Dynamics

  • Population dynamics is the study of how population size fluctuates over time.
  • Key factors include birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration.
  • Population size, density, dispersion, sex distribution, and age distribution are observable characteristics.

Size of a Population

  • Population size is the total number of individuals in a population.
  • It is often represented by the uppercase letter 'N'.
  • It varies significantly across time due to environmental variations and external influences.

Density of a Population

  • Population density refers to the number of individuals per unit area.
  • A higher density often correlates with more competition among individuals for resources.
  • Density depends on the geographic region and can vary by square meters or square kilometers.

Dispersion of a Population

  • Dispersion describes the geographical distribution, or clustering, of the individuals in a population across a geographic area.

Sex Distribution

  • Sex distribution refers to the proportion of males and females in a population.

Age Distribution

  • Age distribution involves categorizing individuals into cohorts based on age groups.
  • This can offer a comparative understanding of different population groups within a timeframe.

Young People in Bangladesh (10-24 years)

  • Statistics on young people in Bangladesh divided by years (1981, 1991, 2001,2001, and 2015 ) are presented graphically.

The Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

  • The DTM explains population change over time in relation to economic development.
  • It is generally composed of four stages: pre-industrial, urbanizing/industrializing, mature industrial, and post-industrial.
  • The stages display fluctuating birth and death rates and natural population growth.

Stage 1: Low Growth Rate

  • Crude birth rates (CBRs) and Crude death rates (CDRs) fluctuate, roughly equally, in this stage, contributing to a stable natural population increase.

Stage 2: High Growth Rate

  • During this stage, death rates decline due to improved sanitation, medicine, and hygiene. Birth rates remain high, producing a spike in natural population growth.

Stage 3: Moderate Growth Rate

  • Birth rates begin to fall in this stage due to social and economic changes, while death rates continue to remain low.

Stage 4: Low Growth Rate

  • Birth rates and death rates converge to nearly equal values. This results in zero population growth (ZPG).

Stage 5: Declining Growth Rate

  • Birth rates drop below death rates, causing population decline.

Criticisms of the DTM

  • The model is often criticized for oversimplifying the complexity of population change across different regions.
  • It's based primarily on European and US data and may not be valid for other countries.
  • The model doesn't adequately address challenges like major pandemics or climate change, which can impact birth and death rates, and population size, and even migration trends.

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Population Dynamics and DTM PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts in demography and population studies. This quiz covers terms such as population density, demographic transition model stages, and population distribution. Perfect for students studying human geography or related fields.

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