Demographic and Epidemiological Transition Models

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What characterizes the first stage of the Demographic Transition Model?

High CBR and low CDR with high life expectancy
Low CBR and high CDR with low life expectancy
Decreasing birth rates and low death rates
High CBR and high CDR with low life expectancy (correct)

Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model indicates that the crude death rate surpasses the crude birth rate?

Stage 4
Stage 3
Stage 5 (correct)
Stage 1

How does life expectancy change in Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model?

It decreases significantly due to high infant mortality
It rises because of improved resources and health care (correct)
It remains unchanged despite declining birth rates
It temporarily dips before rising substantially

What is a criticism of the Demographic Transition Model?

It does not account for variations in infant care (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does ZPG stand for in the context of demographic studies?

Zero Population Growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Stage 1 of the Epidemiological Transition Model?

Infectious diseases and accidents (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the Epidemiological Transition Model emphasizes chronic diseases and improved life expectancy?

Stage 4 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major criticism of the Epidemiological Transition Model?

It does not predict future development trends. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is associated with Stage 5 of the Epidemiological Transition Model?

Malaria (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect differentiates the Epidemiological Transition Model from the Demographic Transition Model?

ETM predicts causes of death and DTM shows population growth. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the low growth stage of population growth?

Both birth rate and death rate are high (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does the birth rate decline while the death rate continues to decrease?

Moderate growth stage (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the declining growth stage?

Birth rate drops below death rate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the light orange line in the population growth model typically represent?

Crude Birth Rate (CBR) (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the low growth or stationary growth stage, what is true about the overall population trend?

The population remains virtually stagnant (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary prediction of the Gravity Model?

Interaction between places is based on population size and distance. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Gravity Model, how does population size affect movement to a city?

The likelihood of moving to a city increases with its population size. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a criticism of the Gravity Model?

It is not always true and does not account for all variables. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the Gravity Model and the Distance Decay Model?

The Distance Decay Model shows that further distances decrease interaction likelihood. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which two concepts are central to the Gravity Model?

Population size and distance. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Distance Decay model primarily predict about interactions between individuals?

Closer proximity leads to more interactions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a criticism of the Distance Decay model?

It is not completely accurate in predicting interactions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what way do the Distance Decay Model and the Gravity Model differ?

The Gravity Model incorporates both size and distance. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Distance Decay model suggest about migration patterns?

Longer distances deter potential migrants. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the Distance Decay model align with the concept of proximity in social interactions?

Closer proximity generally fosters more interactions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the graph indicate about interaction intensity as distance increases?

Interaction intensity decreases as distance increases. (D) Signup and view all the answers

At which distance level is high interaction intensity observed in the graph?

At shorter distances. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which description correctly characterizes the annotations on the graph?

Annotations indicate increasing interaction intensity at short distances. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the graph, what is suggested about low interaction intensity?

It appears at greater distances. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is false regarding the relationship depicted in the graph?

High interaction intensity can be found at long distances. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which method effectively counts the total number of people in relation to a specific land area?

Arithmetic Density (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Physiological Density specifically measure?

The number of people per unit area of arable land (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions is categorized as having high Agricultural Density?

South Asia (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following regions would you expect to find high Physiological Density?

West Africa (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which density measure would best help explain the availability of farmers compared to arable land?

Agricultural Density (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason people migrate according to Ravenstein's Laws of Migration?

Economic opportunities (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is most commonly associated with long-distance migrants?

Young adults (C) Signup and view all the answers

What criticism is levied against Ravenstein's model?

It may only describe patterns, not predict them (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable pattern in the distance that migrants travel?

Migration tends to happen in steps (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do Ravenstein's Laws of Migration compare to the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) in terms of focus?

Ravenstein predicts migration, while DTM predicts population growth (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Natural Increase Rate (NIR)?

The percentage by which a population grows in a year, excluding migration. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) typically affect population growth?

Higher TFR is associated with higher population growth. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the doubling time when the Natural Increase Rate (NIR) is high?

Doubling time decreases. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Crude Death Rate (CDR)?

The number of deaths per 1000 people in a society. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence life expectancy?

Population size. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary conditions in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model?

High birth rates and declining death rates due to medical advancements (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the demographic transition from Stage 3 to Stage 4?

Decline in birth rates leading to stable population levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the key factors that contributed to the change in population growth during the Demographic Transition Model?

Industrial and medical revolutions (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of the Demographic Transition Model would you expect the net immigration rate to be very high?

Stage 2 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What population characteristic is indicative of Stage 4 in the Demographic Transition Model?

Very low birth rates and stable or slightly increasing death rates (B) Signup and view all the answers

Life Expectancy

The average lifespan of individuals in a population.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The rate at which a population grows naturally, calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

The model predicts changes in population growth by analyzing birth and death rates, and it reflects a country's development status.

Demographic Momentum

The tendency for population growth to continue even after birth rates decline due to a large number of young people entering reproductive age.