Democracy in the Muslim World: Key Determinants

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What does the term Shari'a primarily refer to when contrasted with fiqh?

Only man-made laws

Social customs and practices

God's laws as found in the Quran and Sunnah (correct)

Consensus of the community

How is the broader usage of Shari'a defined in formal legal literature?

Exclusively as laws governing family matters

As only divine laws

As including all Islamic laws, both divine and man-made (correct)

As a set of moral guidelines for individuals

What are the implications of Shari'a law regarding citizens' treatment under the law?

It weakens the legal system's authority

It promotes equal treatment for all individuals

It eliminates all forms of legal discrimination

It treats individuals differently based on responsibilities (correct)

What aspect of societal roles does Shari'a law arguably reinforce?

Complementary roles in family and society Signup and view all the answers

How might Shari'a law affect the political culture of a society?

By fostering a culture of autocratic rule Signup and view all the answers

According to some theorists, which beliefs are seen as prerequisites for democratization?

Principles of Western liberalism Signup and view all the answers

What did earlier scholars suggest about Catholicism's impact on democratization in Latin America?

It impeded the emergence of liberal democracy Signup and view all the answers

What underlying tradition does Shari'a law purportedly share with other communal systems?

Promotion of submissive attitudes towards authority Signup and view all the answers

What are the three forms of state-institutionalized Islam discussed in relation to Muslim-majority states?

Presence of religious courts Signup and view all the answers

According to the findings, what seems to hinder democratization in Muslim-majority states?

Other factors in the MENA region along with a communist legacy Signup and view all the answers

What timeframe does the data cover for analyzing Muslim-majority states?

1990 to 2002 Signup and view all the answers

How is regime type measured in the analysis?

Polity IV's twenty-one point measure for regime authority Signup and view all the answers

What limitation is mentioned regarding the data for the analysis?

Unavailability of data prior to 1990 Signup and view all the answers

Which regions' factors are indicated as delaying democratic reform in Muslim-majority states?

Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Signup and view all the answers

What overall effect do state laws and policies based on Islam have on democratization, as per the findings?

They do not significantly impede democratization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT identified as a factor that influences regime type in Muslim-majority states?

Religious diversity Signup and view all the answers

What factor is emphasized as not being an impediment to democratization in Muslim-majority states?

Institutionalization of Islam in the state Signup and view all the answers

Which region's characteristics are noted as factors that delay democratic reform?

The Middle East and North Africa Signup and view all the answers

How many Muslim-majority states were assessed in the analysis from 1990 to 2002?

51 Signup and view all the answers

What method was used in the analysis to assess the determinants of democracy?

Multilevel mixed effects linear regression model and path analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states is noted as having a better propensity toward democratic change?

Egypt Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor delaying democratization in the article?

Socioeconomic inequalities Signup and view all the answers

What is the main thesis of the article concerning the relationship between Islam and democracy?

Institutional Islam poses no barriers to democratization. Signup and view all the answers

What type of correlation is observed between Muslim majority states and democratization according to the analysis?

Negative correlation Signup and view all the answers

What principle is violated when a state favors one religion over others?

Twin tolerations Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism allows a state religion to monopolize the religious market?

Exclusive access to policymaking Signup and view all the answers

In which country does Wahabi Islam have a dominant political voice in state policies?

Saudi Arabia Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of the financial subsidization of a state religion?

Higher entry costs for other religions Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of the relationship between state institutionalized Islam and democracy?

Increased likelihood of autocracy in Muslim-majority states Signup and view all the answers

What does the likelihood-ratio test verify in this context?

Differences in variance components are significant Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'twin tolerations'?

Religious freedoms balanced with state authority Signup and view all the answers

What does the measure from Polity IV indicate about a state’s regime type?

It ranges from absolute autocracy to full democracy. Signup and view all the answers

How does state-subsidized religion affect the political landscape?

It allows the state religion to exert more influence on policy Signup and view all the answers

Which independent variable measures the integration of Islamic principles into state law?

Islamic Laws and Policies Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about state-sanctioned religions is accurate?

They can lead to systematic inequalities in governance Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the variable 'Religious Courts' evaluate?

The influence of religious courts on governance Signup and view all the answers

How is the variable 'Islamic Laws and Policies' quantified?

By counting the total state laws based on religious law Signup and view all the answers

What does a score of -10 on Polity IV's regime authority measure indicate?

Closed autocracy Signup and view all the answers

What challenge do Muslim-majority states face regarding democratization?

Significant resistance compared to other regions Signup and view all the answers

What is the range for Islamic Laws and Policies as a measure?

0 to 32 Signup and view all the answers

How does oil impact democratization in states with high income inequality?

It can contribute to democratization. Signup and view all the answers

What do Haber and Menaldo argue regarding the correlation between oil and autocracy?

The correlation disappears when controlling for specific conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What perspective do Anderson and Ross argue is necessary to see the autocratic effects of oil?

A longer time perspective, especially after 1979. Signup and view all the answers

What event marked a significant shift in how states approached oil industries post-1979?

The nationalization of oil industries by many states. Signup and view all the answers

What is one outcome of oil wealth that has been debated among political scientists?

It may promote authoritarian regimes. Signup and view all the answers

Who challenges the views of Haber and Menaldo concerning oil's political effects?

Jorgen Anderson and Michael Ross. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is commonly included in discussions about the 'resource curse'?

Weakening of political accountability. Signup and view all the answers

What is one major conclusion drawn from the debate on oil and political regimes?

Long-term trends reveal oil's tendency to support authoritarianism. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Article Summary: Determinants of Democracy in the Muslim World

Focus: The article examines factors influencing democratization in Muslim-majority states, specifically focusing on the institutionalization of Islam within the state.
Methodology: A multilevel mixed-effects linear regression model is used to analyze data from 51 Muslim-majority states between 1990 and 2002.
Key Findings:
- State-institutionalized Islam (as state religion, Islamic laws, or religious courts) does not hinder democratization.
- Factors specific to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, along with a legacy of communism, delay meaningful democratic reform.
- States with higher economic development and those that are not oil-dependent show better propensity for democratic transition.
- Significant correlation between oil dependency and autocracy.
- Some countries, like Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia, and Yemen, show potential for democratic change.
Critical variables:
- State institutionalization of Islam (adoption of Islam as state religion, incorporation of Islamic laws, and presence of religious courts)
- Economic development (GDP per capita)
- Oil dependency
- Communist legacy
- Region (MENA)
Conclusion:
- The presence of Islamic laws or religious institutions within the state does not predict autocracy.
- The article challenges common assumptions about Islam's role in hindering democracy in majority-Muslim states.
- Other factors (regional, economic, and historical) play a significant role and may be more important in explaining democratization outcomes.

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Description

This quiz explores the determinants of democratization in Muslim-majority states, based on a comprehensive study utilizing data from 51 countries. Key factors such as the role of Islam in governance, economic development, and regional influences provide a nuanced understanding of democracy's landscape in the MENA region.