Democracy and Jackson's Election

The belief that ordinary people should have more power in government. This was a major change in American politics in the early 1800s.

The process of giving more people the right to vote by removing restrictions like owning property or paying taxes.

Political parties gained the power to choose a candidate for president. Previously, the president was chosen by a group of electors.

This system rewarded people who supported the winning candidate with government jobs. It was criticized for creating loyal followers rather than competent officials.

The ability of the President to reject laws passed by Congress. Jackson used it more often than his predecessors, showing his strong personality and belief in his own authority.

Andrew Jackson believed in the importance of protecting the common man and limiting the influence of the wealthy elite.

Candidates campaigned actively to engage voters, using rallies, songs, and slogans. This marked a shift towards a more modern and interactive style of politics.

Andrew Jackson's election in 1828 marked a turning point in American politics, symbolizing the rise of the common man and the changing face of democracy.

The desire to remove Native Americans from frontier lands, leading to conflicts and treaties.

A tribe known for its written language and extensive land in Georgia.

A Supreme Court case where the Cherokee Nation sued Georgia over land rights; the court ruled in favor of the Cherokees but President Jackson refused to enforce the decision.

A federal law that offered Native American tribes land in the west in exchange for their lands in the east; although initially voluntary, it became mandatory under President Jackson.

The tragic forced march of the Cherokee Nation from their homeland in Georgia to Oklahoma, resulting in significant loss of life.

The expansion of cotton production led to the expansion of slavery, intensifying debates about the balance between slave and free states in the nation.

A tax imposed on imported goods, used for revenue and to protect domestic industries.

The conflict arising from the Tariff of Abominations, which was highly unpopular in the South.

The Second Bank of the United States (BUS) was a national bank chartered in 1816 to manage the nation's credit system, issue paper money, and provide loans. It was controversial due to its perceived power and influence over the economy.

Jackson opposed the BUS because he believed it favored the wealthy elite at the expense of the common man. He also disliked its semi-private status, giving it power beyond government control.

The Panic of 1819 was a financial crisis sparked by excessive land speculation and credit expansion. This fueled distrust towards the BUS and highlighted the need for tighter financial controls.

Henry Clay, a political opponent of Jackson, proposed re-chartering the BUS early to make it a central issue in the 1832 election. This strategy backfired as Jackson's veto message resonated with the common man.

Jackson, in his effort to dismantle the BUS, withdrew all federal funds and deposited them in state banks. These banks were labelled 'pet banks' by his critics, suggesting favoritism and a risky financial strategy.

The Panic of 1837 was a depression brought on by excessive printing of paper money by state banks after the removal of federal funds from the BUS. It was partly blamed on Jackson's policies.

To try and check inflation, Jackson issued the Specie Circular, requiring gold or silver coins (specie) for land purchases. This contributed to the Panic of 1837.

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced Native American tribes to relocate west of the Mississippi River. It was a policy of displacement and injustice, driven by westward expansion and the desire for land.

A political party that emerged in the 1830s, opposing President Andrew Jackson's policies.

This policy advocated for government-funded infrastructure projects like roads and canals to promote economic growth and national unity.

This policy was based on the idea that the United States should expand westward across North America.

Martin Van Buren won the 1836 presidential election primarily because of his association with the popular Andrew Jackson.

The Democratic Party advocated for a limited federal government and stronger state governments, emphasizing a strict interpretation of the Constitution. They also opposed the National Bank.

The Panic of 1837 hurt the Democrats' chances in the 1840 election, as voters blamed their economic policies for the financial crisis.

John Tyler became president after Harrison died, but his vetoes of Whig legislation led to his expulsion from the party.

The 3/5ths Compromise stated that slaves would be counted as 3/5ths of a person for the purpose of representation in the House of Representatives.

This law required escaped slaves to be returned to their owners even in free states, strengthening the power of slave owners.

The Dred Scott decision declared that enslaved people were not citizens and had no right to sue in federal court.

According to the 10th Amendment, powers not explicitly given to the federal government are reserved for the states. This meant that the federal government had no power to restrict slavery.

This argument claimed that slavery was beneficial because it brought Christianity and civilization to enslaved people.

The North's industrialization was fueled by abundant resources like capital for investment, available workers (especially immigrants), good ports, developed transportation, power sources (rivers), and a lack of export-based agriculture.

Rapid industrial growth led to the rise of major cities in the North.

The South relied heavily on export agriculture, especially cotton, and lacked significant industrial development or immigration. This reliance on agriculture and lack of diversity left the South economically disadvantaged.

A religious revival movement among Protestants in the early 19th century, emphasizing personal choice and emotional experiences for salvation rather than predestination.

A belief that the Bible foretold the imminent end of the world, prompting a focus on the Second Coming of Christ. This movement believed the world would end in October 1844.

This religious group, founded by Joseph Smith in 1830, believed in a cooperative theocracy and faced persecution, migrating across the country before settling in Utah.

They advocated for social equality, abolishing traditional families, practicing celibacy, and recognizing equal rights for men and women.

A model community established by Robert Owen based on socialist principles and communal living, aiming to create a self-sufficient society without currency. It failed due to economic and social challenges.

A community based on Transcendentalist philosophy, emphasizing individualism, the role of nature, and rejecting societal norms. It was home to renowned authors like Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, and Melville.

This group, founded by John Humphrey Noyes, believed in 'complex marriage,' where sexual relationships weren't confined to traditional marital norms and family and economic tasks were shared equally.

A religious movement that combined the Bible with reason and scientific inquiry to comprehend truth. It also emphasized the inherent goodness of human nature and universal salvation.