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Questions and Answers
What percentage of dementia cases in the study population could be attributed to social isolation?
What percentage of dementia cases in the study population could be attributed to social isolation?
What is the key benefit of using population attributable fraction (PAF) in public health?
What is the key benefit of using population attributable fraction (PAF) in public health?
What is the PAF for lung cancer deaths attributed to smoking in England and Wales, according to the Doll & Hill case control study in 1950?
What is the PAF for lung cancer deaths attributed to smoking in England and Wales, according to the Doll & Hill case control study in 1950?
What factors influence the PAF of a specific risk factor?
What factors influence the PAF of a specific risk factor?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes absolute risk?
Which of the following statements accurately describes absolute risk?
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What type of study is most useful for calculating risk ratios?
What type of study is most useful for calculating risk ratios?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes odds ratios?
Which of the following statements accurately describes odds ratios?
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Why might the PAF for a highly determinantal risk factor be relatively low in a population with low exposure to that factor?
Why might the PAF for a highly determinantal risk factor be relatively low in a population with low exposure to that factor?
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Study Notes
Dementia in Indigenous Communities
- A study on dementia in First Nations populations in Australia found that 4.2% of cases were linked to social isolation.
- Understanding population attributable fractions is crucial for public health, allowing policymakers to prioritize interventions based on specific risk factors.
Population Attributable Fraction (PAF)
- PAF quantifies the proportion of disease in a population caused by a particular risk factor.
- Example from Doll & Hill's 1950 case control study indicated that smoking accounted for 83% of lung cancer deaths in England and Wales.
- The effectiveness of PAF is influenced by both the toxicity of the exposure and the proportion of the population exposed to it.
Risk Measurements
- Absolute Risk: Measures the likelihood of an outcome in a specific population over a set period without comparisons to other groups.
- Risk Ratios: Useful for comparing event likelihood across different groups, applicable in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies.
- Odds Ratios: Effective for comparing exposures among different outcome groups when incidence data isn't available, commonly used in case-control studies.
Attributable Risks Overview
- Attributable Risk: Indicates excess disease or mortality linked to a specific risk factor.
- Population Attributable Risk (PAR) and Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) refer to the additional population risk attributable to particular exposures.
Public Health Planning
- PAF serves as a valuable tool for public health planning by identifying health outcome proportions due to specific factors, aiding decision-making processes.
Clinical Trial Example
- In a double-blind RCT involving 6,000 men with high cholesterol, participants were given either placebo or Pravastatin over a period of 4.9 years.
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Description
This quiz is based on a study that analyzed the causes of dementia in a First Nations population in Australia, specifically in the Torres Strait and Northern Peninsula Area of North Queensland.
