Demand in Health Care Services
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What primarily motivates individuals to seek a second opinion from healthcare experts?

  • Desire for a less expensive treatment
  • Doubt in the first expert's honesty
  • Complexity of health issues (correct)
  • Confidence in healthcare technology

    • Which factor does NOT influence the demand for healthcare services?

  • Disease prevalence
  • Age of the population
  • Weather patterns (correct)
  • Income levels

    • How do technological advancements typically impact the demand for healthcare services?

  • They have no significant effect on demand
  • They eliminate the need for specialized treatments
  • They decrease overall healthcare accessibility
  • They can increase costs but drive demand for new services (correct)

    • What factor is likely to cause a sudden increase in demand for healthcare services?

    <p>Public health emergencies and pandemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a socio-economic factor influencing healthcare demand?

    <p>Employment status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does supply in healthcare services primarily react to price changes?

    <p>It increases as the price increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the challenges in comparing healthcare prices across different countries?

    <p>Market power variability among healthcare suppliers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can government policies affect the demand for healthcare services?

    <p>By influencing reimbursement rates and coverage policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic unique to government-controlled or not-for-profit hospitals regarding their operational goals?

    <p>They often do not focus on profit maximization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic change is most likely to increase demand for healthcare services?

    <p>A rise in the aging population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural and social factors influence healthcare demand primarily by affecting:

    <p>Health-seeking behaviors and preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of healthcare production, which of the following elements is NOT considered part of a hospital's capital?

    <p>Nurses and doctors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the production function of a hospital, which variables represent the inputs used?

    <p>Labour and capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely consequence of advances in medical technology on healthcare demand?

    <p>Higher demand for specialized treatments despite increased costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the overall significance of understanding demand factors in healthcare services?

    <p>It is crucial for effective resource planning by stakeholders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT impact the supply of healthcare services?

    <p>The demand for healthcare services in the community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes not-for-profit hospitals from for-profit hospitals?

    <p>Not-for-profit hospitals may not be in business for profit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of product innovation in the health care sector?

    <p>Advanced MRI machines used for patient imaging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes process innovations in health care?

    <p>These innovations increase the efficiency of patient treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred in hernia surgery since 1919?

    <p>Hernia surgery is now less risky with advanced techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do pharmaceutical production facilities play in the health care sector?

    <p>They produce a variety of drugs that contribute to health care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The technology advancements in modern dental offices include which of the following?

    <p>Various devices including high-speed drills and x-ray machines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is critical for technological progress in the health care sector?

    <p>Collaboration between private entities and government funding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern regarding advanced health care technologies, such as MRI machines?

    <p>They require extensive staff training to operate effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reason doctors may turn down certain patients?

    <p>Insurance reimbursement rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are hospitals responding to increasing rates of non-paying patients?

    <p>By requiring upfront payments for services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the healthcare workforce supply?

    <p>Technological advancements in healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines how much compensation a hospital receives from an insurance company for patient care?

    <p>An existing agreement with the insurance company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might hospitals face complex repayment schedules?

    <p>Because of different reimbursement rates based on the buyer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not directly contribute to the supply of healthcare facilities?

    <p>Healthcare professional availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about hospital payments is accurate?

    <p>The amount reimbursed by insurance companies can vary based on existing agreements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component impacting the supply of healthcare services?

    <p>Availability of healthcare professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym PRECEDE stand for in the context of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?

    <p>Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following assessments is NOT included in the PRECEDE phase?

    <p>Impact evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the PROCEED phase, which type of evaluation assesses if a program is reaching the targeted population?

    <p>Process evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Social assessment in the PRECEDE model?

    <p>Determining social problems and needs of a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym PROCEED represent in the context of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?

    <p>Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an intervention consideration in the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?

    <p>Implementation of legal frameworks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ecological assessment in the PRECEDE model involves analyzing which factors?

    <p>Behavioral and environmental determinants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key goal of the PRECEDE phase in the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?

    <p>Assessing health needs to inform program planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Demand in Health Care Services

    • Population Demographics:
      • Ageing populations require more healthcare services due to age-related illnesses and chronic conditions
      • Changes in population size, growth rates, and urbanization impact demand
    • Socioeconomic Factors:
      • Income levels, employment status, education, and access to health insurance influence demand
      • Higher income and better insurance coverage often correlate with increased demand
    • Disease Prevalence:
      • The prevalence of diseases and health conditions in a population directly affects demand for related healthcare services.
      • An increase in chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer leads to higher demand for specialized care and treatments.
    • Technological Advancements:
      • Advancements in medical technology lead to new treatments, procedures, and medical devices, increasing demand for specialized services
      • However, these advancements can also increase costs, affecting accessibility and affordability for certain populations
    • Government Policies and Regulations:
      • Healthcare policies, like universal health coverage, Medicaid expansion, or changes in reimbursement rates, significantly impact demand for healthcare services
    • Cultural and Social Factors:
      • Cultural beliefs, attitudes toward health and wellness, and social norms influence individuals' health-seeking behaviors and preferences for specific healthcare services.
    • Healthcare Infrastructure:
      • The availability and accessibility of healthcare facilities, providers, and services within a community or region affect demand.
      • Areas with limited access to healthcare may experience higher demand compared to areas with well-developed healthcare infrastructure.
    • Public Health Emergencies and Pandemics:
      • Outbreaks of infectious diseases or public health emergencies can lead to sudden spikes in demand for healthcare services, overwhelming healthcare systems and resources.

    Supply of Health Care Services

    • Supply: Refers to the quantity of a commodity available to consumers at a particular price and time.
    • Quantity Offered for Sale: Higher price, larger supply; lower price, smaller supply - a positive relationship exists between price and the quantity of a commodity supplied.
    • Supply in Health Care Services: Refers to the availability of healthcare resources, including facilities, healthcare professionals, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, and other necessary resources to meet the demands for healthcare services.
    • Market Power of Health Care Suppliers: Some suppliers have significant market power; this complicates the use of supply and demand reasoning when comparing healthcare prices across countries.
    • Government-Controlled or Not-For-Profit Hospitals: These institutions may not have profit maximization as their primary goal, making standard economic approaches more difficult to apply.
    • Production Function in Health Care: Output is produced using a production function with labor, capital, and intermediate inputs (Q = f (X, Y), Where Q = Output, X = Labour, Y = Capital).
    • Production Function of a Hospital: Includes labor (doctors, surgeons, orderlies, technicians, nurses, administrative staff) and capital (hospital buildings).
    • Health Care Capital: Includes pharmaceutical production facilities and companies that produce medical equipment like MRIs.
    • Technological Progress in Health Care: Comprises product and process innovations.
      • Product Innovations: Include the vast array of drugs available due to research and development at pharmaceutical companies and publically funded research, and advanced machinery used in modern healthcare facilities.
      • Process Innovations: Refer to how techniques are implemented, like advancements in surgical procedures
    • Government Influence on Supply: Governments may set rates for certain procedures or negotiate with pharmaceutical companies.
    • Insurance Companies: Provide additional revenue sources to hospitals and doctors through reimbursement for patient care, which is determined by the patient's insurance policy.

    Factors Influencing Supply in Health Care Services

    • Healthcare Workforce: The availability of healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, pharmacists, technicians, support staff) is crucial for delivering healthcare services. Factors influencing workforce supply include healthcare graduates, immigration policies, professional licensing requirements, and working conditions.
    • Healthcare Facilities: The number and distribution of hospitals, clinics, primary care centers, and specialized healthcare facilities determine the supply of healthcare services. Factors influencing facility supply include construction and infrastructure development.

    Models of Service Utilization

    • PRECEDE-PROCEED Model: A comprehensive structure for assessing health needs, designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion and public health programs.
      • PRECEDE: Focuses on planning and includes the following steps:
        • Social Assessment: Determines social problems and needs of a population and identifies desired results.
        • Epidemiological Assessment: Identifies health determinants of the problems, sets priorities, and establishes goals.
        • Ecological Assessment: Analyzes behavioral and environmental determinants that influence behaviors and lifestyles.
        • Administrative and Policy Assessment: Identifies factors that influence implementation and matches appropriate interventions to encourage changes.
      • PROCEED: Focuses on implementation and evaluation, encompassing the following steps:
        • Implementation: Designs interventions, assesses resource availability, and implements the program.
        • Process Evaluation: Determines if the program reaches the targeted population and achieves its goals.
        • Impact Evaluation: Evaluates the change in behavior.
        • Outcome Evaluation: Identifies a decrease in the incidence or prevalence of negative behavior or an increase in positive behavior.
    • Knippenberg and Andersen Models: Other models used for service utilization assessment.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Levy Mwanawasa Medical University HSD 501 Public Health PDF

    Description

    Explore the key factors influencing demand for healthcare services, including population demographics, socioeconomic conditions, disease prevalence, and technological advancements. Understand how these elements interact to shape the healthcare landscape in modern society.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser