3A2E3 C15 Obj 7

Fire Protection Systems for Hydrocarbon Storage Tanks

• Deluge systems are used to prevent fires and explosions in hydrocarbon storage tanks by rapidly releasing water or foam over the area.
• A deluge valve in a water spray system opens automatically or manually to allow water from a pressurized supply to flow into the system for fire suppression.
• Limitations of water spray for fire protection include its ineffectiveness against certain types of fires, potential for water damage, and inadequate cooling in some scenarios.

Mechanical Actuation of Valves

• Mechanical systems can actuate valves based on changes in pressure, temperature, or manual intervention, ensuring quick response to fire conditions.

Uses of Water Spray Systems

• Water spray systems are commonly used to protect hydrocarbon storage tanks, flammable liquids and gas tankage, and other critical equipment from fire exposure.
• The primary purpose of a water spray system is to cool surfaces, reduce heat, and prevent the spread of fire.

Foam Systems and Outlets

• Alcohol-type foams require specific foam-discharge outlets, such as those designed for high expansion foams, to be effective in suppression.
• A central foam distributing system allows for efficient distribution of foam to various points in a facility, ensuring comprehensive coverage.

Chemical Processing Plant Protection

• Specialized systems are often installed in chemical processing plants to provide fire protection, especially against flammable materials and potential explosions.

Activation of Foam Systems

• Systems equipped with foam spray systems and foam monitors can be automatically activated by heat or smoke detection technologies, ensuring rapid response to fire conditions.

Consequences of Inadequate Fire Prevention

• Without preventive measures to cool and remove heat from a fire in a hydrocarbon storage tank, a catastrophic outcome such as tank rupture, explosion, or widespread fire can occur.