Delinquency Risk Factors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

According to Burke, why does alcohol have closer links with crime and criminal behaviour than most other drugs?

Alcohol is cheaper than other drugs

Alcohol is legal and readily available (correct)

Alcohol is more addictive than other drugs

Alcohol is more potent than other drugs

What are the three facilitating factors that Conklin believes are often present when crimes are committed?

Alcohol, drugs and money

Alcohol, drugs and firearms (correct)

Drugs, firearms and money

Alcohol, money and power

According to Lombroso, what is the only individual factor capable of causing criminal offending?

Alcoholism (correct)

Drug abuse

Vices resulting from a bad education and environment

Inherited degeneracy

What did Lombroso believe is the cause of alcoholism?

Inherited degeneracy or vices resulting from a bad education and environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a perinatal risk factor associated with juvenile delinquency and adult crime?

Positive maternal action Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct link between perinatal risk factors and crime?

Parental behaviour during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What are the social disorders caused by foetal alcohol spectrum disorder?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the general consensus on the influence of broken homes on delinquency?

Broken homes are a risk factor for delinquent behaviour Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT identified as a potential cause of delinquent behavior in children?

Parental absence due to death Signup and view all the answers

Which family structure is associated with a higher risk of delinquency?

Merged families Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed reason for middle children being more likely to exhibit delinquent behavior?

They receive less attention from parents Signup and view all the answers

What is Hirschi's opinion on family size and delinquency?

Larger families are more prone to delinquency Signup and view all the answers

According to Burton's study (2007), what is the relationship between alcohol use and aggression in South African youth?

Alcohol use is associated with aggression in youth Signup and view all the answers

What is the believed link between crime and alcohol abuse?

Alcohol abuse reduces inhibitions and ability to contemplate consequences of a crime Signup and view all the answers

According to Walsh (2015), what is the relationship between drug abuse and criminal career?

Drug abuse does not initiate a criminal career but increases the extent and seriousness of one Signup and view all the answers

What did Da Rocha Silva and Malaka's (2008) study find about drug consumption in persons detained in police cells in South Africa?

A high level of drug consumption generally characterised the life of the respondents Signup and view all the answers

What types of offenses were the respondents arrested and/or convicted of before the study?

Crimes against a person, property crimes, and drug law offenses Signup and view all the answers

What is Conklin's argument regarding the relationship between drugs and crime?

Drug consumption leads to participation in criminal activity Signup and view all the answers

What factors are important in forming the human personality?

Both genetic and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary unit in which a person is socialized in terms of the values, attitudes and processes that guide behavioral patterns in life, according to the text?

Family Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a category of familial risk factors identified by Siegel and Senna (2000) that could be associated with delinquency?

Marital conflict and break-up Signup and view all the answers

According to Cummings and Davies (in Schoeman 2002), a child's perception of marital and interfamilial conflict is based on which of the following factors?

Cognitive appraisal, emotional reaction, and behavioural coping skills Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forms of marital and interfamilial conflict have been identified as being negative or destructive by Cummings and Davies (in Schoeman 2002)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of exposure to marital and familial conflicts on children, according to Cummings and Davies (in Schoeman 2002)?

Both externalised and internalised disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for interfamilial criminal behavior?

Parental deviancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between abuse, neglect, and emotional deprivation and a child's ability to form interpersonal relationships?

They negatively influence a child's ability to form relationships Signup and view all the answers

According to the social control theory, what is the relationship between a weakened bond with society and criminal behavior?

A weakened bond with society can open up opportunities to become involved in crime Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of socialization according to Conklin?

The nurturance, discipline, or training of a child Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of parents in a child's socialization process according to Conklin?

To monitor behavior, be psychologically present, discipline unacceptable behavior, and reinforce pro-social behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the similarity in juvenile records between parents and children according to Siegel and Welsh?

Genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alcohol and Crime

Alcohol is closely linked to crime and criminal behavior due to its prevalence in society and impairment of judgment.
Lombroso identified biological factors as a significant cause of criminal offending, emphasizing individual characteristics.
Lombroso attributed alcoholism mainly to biological predispositions rather than social factors.

Facilitating Factors for Crime

Conklin identifies three facilitating factors commonly present during crimes: the presence of a suitable target, absence of guardianship, and the perceived opportunity to commit the offense.

Perinatal Risk Factors

Factors not associated with juvenile delinquency and adult crime include environmental stressor stability post-birth.
Direct links exist between perinatal risk factors and future criminal behavior, highlighting the early impact of maternal health and prenatal influences.

Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder can lead to social difficulties, including behavioral issues and impaired social skills.
Broken homes are generally perceived to increase the risk of delinquency, affecting children's stability and socialization.
Family structures such as single-parent households tend to show a higher risk of delinquency among children.

Childhood Behavior and Family Dynamics

Middle children may exhibit higher delinquency due to potential feelings of neglect and competition for attention.
Hirschi argues that larger family sizes dilute parental attention, contributing to higher risks of delinquency.
Burton's study (2007) revealed a correlation between alcohol use and aggressive behavior in South African youth.

Relationships Between Substance Abuse and Crime

Alcohol abuse is believed to directly contribute to impulsive and aggressive criminal behaviors.
Walsh (2015) argues a strong connection exists between drug abuse and the perpetuation of criminal careers.
Da Rocha Silva and Malaka (2008) found that many individuals detained in South African police cells had a history of drug use.

Offense Types and Drug-Crime Relationship

Respondents in the study were often arrested or convicted for violent crimes, theft, or drug-related offenses.
Conklin argues that the relationship between drugs and crime is cyclical, where substance use influences criminal acts and vice versa.

Factors Influencing Personality and Socialization

Factors shaping human personality include familial relationships, social environment, and individual experiences.
The family unit is the primary socialization context for a child, imparting values and behavioral patterns.

Familial Risk Factors and Conflict Perception

Siegel and Senna (2000) identified categories of familial risk factors, including parental criminality and substance abuse.
A child's perception of marital conflict is influenced by direct observations of parental interactions and communication styles.

Impact of Family Conflict

Negative forms of marital conflict, such as aggression and emotional disconnect, have been identified as harmful to children's development.
Exposure to familial conflict is linked to emotional and behavioral issues in children, affecting their interpersonal relationships.

According to social control theory, a weakened bond with society heightens the likelihood of criminal behavior.
Socialization, defined by Conklin, emphasizes the process through which individuals learn societal norms and values.
Parents play a crucial role in socializing children, shaping their understanding of right and wrong through guidance and modeling.

Juvenile Records and Family Similarity

Siegel and Welsh note that similarities in juvenile records between parents and children can often be attributed to shared environments and learned behaviors.

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Description

Identifying Risk Factors for Delinquency Quiz: Test your knowledge on the four broad categories associated with delinquency, including marital conflict, interpersonal conflict, parental neglect, and deviant socialization. Enhance your understanding of the risk factors that contribute to delinquent behavior.