Dehydration and Fluid Balance Assessment Quiz

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What are the Highly recommended diagnostic tests for dehydration?

Potassium, hemoglobin, serum osmolarity, urinalysis

Sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN (correct)

Calcium, glucose, hemoglobin, urinalysis

Urine sodium, urine osmolarity, glucose, BUN

Which of the following is a sign of significant dehydration?

Moist mucosa

Increased urine output

High body weight

Low blood pressure (correct)

What is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock in infants and children?

Burns

Diabetes mellitus

Fluid intake overload

Fluid loss from vomiting or diarrhea (correct)

In hypernatremic dehydration, which is true regarding water and sodium loss?

Water loss > sodium loss Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dehydration is characterized by sodium loss being greater than water loss?

Hyponatremic dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Mild dehydration is defined by a weight loss of less than __% of body weight.

5% Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical feature of severe dehydration?

Markedly decreased anterior fontanel Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with hyponatremia?

Anorexia and nausea Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended to manage hyponatremia?

Avoid rapid correction of sodium levels Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid should be used to supplement a breast-feeding child with a fluid deficit?

Pedialyte Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter is indicative of moderate dehydration?

Rapid, weak heart rate Signup and view all the answers

If a bottle-fed child experiences increased diarrhea when returning to their usual cow's milk formula, what should be done?

Switch to a soy-based formula or lactose-free formula Signup and view all the answers

What is common in severe dehydration?

Slowed capillary refill Signup and view all the answers

How long should a child be kept on a soy-based formula or lactose-free formula before switching back to regular cow's milk formula?

7-10 days Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates a more advanced stage of hyponatremia?

Disorientation Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a child is vomiting?

Tolerate small sips of fluids by mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of overhydration in a child?

Tachypnea and dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

When should a parent call the doctor for a child with diarrhea or vomiting?

If the child's diarrhea or vomiting increases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of dehydration on physical examination?

Moist breath sounds and cough Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate indicator of fluid status in a hospitalized child?

Daily weight measurement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a respiratory sign associated with dehydration or hypovolemia?

Moist breath sounds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cardiovascular signs is an early subtle sign of hypovolemia?

Increased heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What information should be gathered regarding a child's fluid status?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of fluid overload as opposed to dehydration?

Moist breath sounds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is recommended for a bottle-fed child with vomiting and diarrhea?

Early re-feeding with the child's normal formula within 6-12 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for severe dehydration in a child with vomiting and diarrhea?

Intravenous (IV) fluids Signup and view all the answers

If a child with vomiting and diarrhea is unable to receive IV fluids after three attempts, what is the recommended alternative?

Establish intraosseous access Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions would warrant hospital admission for a child with vomiting and diarrhea?

Severe dehydration or intractable vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for correcting the fluid deficit in a child with severe dehydration?

Replace 50% of the deficit over 8 hours and the remainder over the next 16 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would NOT be an indication for hospital admission in a child with vomiting and diarrhea?

Mild dehydration with adequate oral intake and no signs of complications Signup and view all the answers