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Degradation Mechanisms in Concrete: Cracking II

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Degradation Mechanisms in Concrete: Cracking II

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Questions and Answers

What is the freezing point of pure water?

9% volume increase

0 degrees Celsius (correct)

Inversely related to pore size

Below 0 degrees Celsius

Why does water within concrete capillary pores freeze below 0 degrees Celsius?

Due to the capillary pores shrinking

Thermodynamic imbalance with gel water

Gel pores allowing ice formation

Because of the presence of dissolved substances (correct)

What happens when ice forms and expands within concrete capillary pores?

Capillary pores shrink in size

Gel water becomes unfrozen

Water pressure decreases

Unfrozen water experiences hydraulic pressure (correct)

How does the freezing point of water relate to the size of capillary pores in concrete?

Smaller pores result in higher freezing points Signup and view all the answers

Why do freeze and thaw cracks occur in concrete?

Gradual freezing of water within pores Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of internal stresses and damage in concrete during freeze-thaw cycles?

Thermodynamic imbalance with ice formation Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if concrete is subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles?

Localized structural damage Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for concrete to reach a compressive strength of 3.5 MPa (500 psi) within 24 hours after mixing?

To prevent strength loss Signup and view all the answers

What role does air-entrained concrete play in resisting early freezing?

Increases resistance to freezing Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the aggregate in pavement that leads to D-cracking?

Becomes saturated with water Signup and view all the answers

What is the Frost Action deterioration mechanism known as D-cracking characterized by?

Cracks parallel to joints or edges of the concrete surface Signup and view all the answers

Why does only a portion of the pore water in cement paste freeze at very low temperatures?

Due to the thin film of water coating the pore surfaces Signup and view all the answers