Deforestation and Its Effects
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Questions and Answers

Which type of coal is known for its high percentage of fixed carbon and low percentage of volatile matter?

  • Lignite
  • Anthracite (correct)
  • Subbituminous
  • Bituminous

    • What percentage of the world's petroleum reserve is held by OPEC?

  • 85%
  • 75%
  • 50%
  • 67% (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable energy source?

  • Wind energy
  • Natural gas (correct)
  • Solar energy
  • Hydro-power

    • Which type of coal is also referred to as 'brown coal'?

    <p>Lignite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major environmental problem associated with non-renewable energy sources?

    <p>Air pollution from vehicular emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the lowest grade of coal?

    <p>Lignite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy is derived from the natural movement of water?

    <p>Hydro-power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options refers to non-fossil fuel sources of energy?

    <p>Biogas and biomass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of natural gas?

    <p>Methane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)?

    <p>Butane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to purify and refine petroleum?

    <p>Fractional distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nuclear reaction involves the joining of small nuclei?

    <p>Fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of nuclear energy?

    <p>Nuclear waste management difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes synthetic natural gas (SNG)?

    <p>It is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key advantage of nuclear fuel?

    <p>Offers more energy per unit of fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which petroleum product is primarily used as a cleaner fuel compared to coal?

    <p>Petrol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are types of biofuels?

    <p>Bio-ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of energy recovery from waste?

    <p>Reduced airborne particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is a disadvantage of energy recovery?

    <p>Release of toxic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components primarily make up Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)?

    <p>Combustible components of waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT an advantage of using biomass for energy?

    <p>Production of residual ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary environmental impacts of deforestation?

    <p>Loss of soil fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes reforestation?

    <p>Restoring forest cover in a deforested area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effective method to control deforestation?

    <p>Regulating mining activities in protected forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a socio-economic problem associated with deforestation?

    <p>Increase in employment opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Afforestation is primarily aimed at:

    <p>Creating forests in new areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does deforestation contribute to global warming?

    <p>By releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices can help promote forest conservation?

    <p>Public awareness campaigns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does deforestation have on the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Decreases soil moisture retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental disadvantage of using geothermal energy?

    <p>Emissions of H2S, CO2, CH4 during extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source is primarily reliant on temperature differences in ocean water?

    <p>Ocean-thermal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of ocean-thermal energy?

    <p>Continuous source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of using biomass energy?

    <p>Land competition with food crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of geothermal energy makes it a reliable energy source?

    <p>It is a continual source derived from the Earth's heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main challenges associated with ocean-thermal energy systems?

    <p>High capital investment requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In biomass energy, which of the following is considered an energy crop?

    <p>Jatropha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one environmental concern related to the construction of ocean-thermal energy systems?

    <p>Damage to coral reefs due to pipe installation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Over-exploitation of Forests (Deforestation)

    • Threatens wildlife species, leading to potential extinction.
    • Causes loss of biodiversity, disrupting ecosystems.
    • Affects the hydrological cycle, resulting in altered water patterns.
    • Increases soil erosion and loss of soil fertility.
    • Leads to siltation in rivers and lakes, degrading water quality.
    • Heightens risk of landslides due to destabilized soil.
    • Contributes to global warming through carbon release.
    • Increases flood risks due to decreased vegetation.
    • Results in loss of revenue from timber and ecosystem services.
    • Creates socio-economic problems, including forced relocation and cultural threats.

    Control Measures for Deforestation

    • Prohibition of mining activities in protected forests to safeguard ecosystems.
    • Implement massive tree plantation initiatives following tree cutting.
    • Strict adherence to environmental laws and legal provisions.
    • Promote social forestry, agro-forestry, and recreational forestry as sustainable practices.
    • Foster public awareness and encourage participation in forest conservation efforts.

    Reforestation and Afforestation

    • Reforestation: Restoring forest cover in deforested areas through natural or artificial means.
    • Afforestation: Establishing new forests in areas previously devoid of tree cover.

    Energy Resources Overview

    • Energy defined as the capacity to do work.
    • The Sun is a primary source of energy.

    Renewable vs. Non-renewable Energy Sources

    • Non-renewable sources include coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy.

      • Coal types include:
        • Anthracite: Hard, high carbon content.
        • Bituminous: Commonly used for electricity; has layers.
        • Subbituminous: Dull, higher heating value than lignite.
        • Lignite: Lowest grade, brown coal.
      • Environmental issues: Leakage causes water pollution; accidental fires contribute to air pollution.

    • Renewable sources include solar, wind, hydro, tidal, ocean thermal, geothermal, biomass, biogas, biofuels, and hydrogen.

    Petroleum

    • OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, comprising 13 countries with 67% of global reserves.
    • Petroleum is a complex alkane hydrocarbon mixture, cleaner than coal.
    • Common products include petroleum gas, kerosene, petrol, diesel, and plastics.

    Natural Gas

    • The cleanest fossil fuel, primarily composed of methane.
    • High calorific value, used increasingly as an alternative fuel (CNG).
    • Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) is produced from low-grade coal.

    Nuclear Energy

    • Types of nuclear reactions:
      • Fission: Splitting of large nuclei.
      • Fusion: Joining of small nuclei.
    • Key elements: Uranium, Thorium, Plutonium.
    • Advantages include low fuel costs and continuous energy production; disadvantages involve nuclear accidents and waste management.

    Geothermal Energy

    • Harvested from the Earth’s hot rocks, utilizing natural geysers or drilled holes.
    • Advantages: No emissions, reliable, low operating costs; disadvantages involve potential emissions and high investment requirements.

    Ocean-Thermal Energy

    • Based on temperature differences in ocean water layers.
    • Requires a minimum temperature difference of 20°C.
    • Continuous energy source with minimal seasonal variation, yet entails high costs and potential ecological impacts.

    Biomass Energy

    • Major sources include wood and energy crops (e.g., Jatropha, Sunflower) used for biofuels.
    • Types of biofuels include biodiesel, biogas, bio-ethanol, and bio-methanol.

    Energy Recovery

    • Involves burning waste for energy, leading to reduced reliance on coal and reduced pollution.
    • Benefits include improved air quality and reduced landfill needs; however, may release toxic substances and produce residual ash.

    Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)

    • Composed mainly of combustible waste components like plastics and cardboard, processed to create a substitute fuel for fossil fuels.

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    Forest & Energy Resources PDF

    Description

    Explore the significant impacts of deforestation in this quiz. From threats to wildlife and biodiversity loss to the socio-economic ramifications, this quiz covers various consequences of over-exploitation of forests. Test your knowledge on the hydrological cycle, soil erosion, and global warming.

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