Questions and Answers
What does the self represent according to the content?
Which Greek philosopher first engaged in systematic questioning about the self?
According to Plato, what are the three components of the soul?
What does Thomas Aquinas assert about man?
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Which statement best summarizes Rene Descartes' view on self?
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What did Augustine believe about the body and soul?
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What concept did Plato emphasize regarding justice in the human person?
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How did the Greeks' approach differ from myths in understanding the self?
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What does David Hume argue about the concept of Self?
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How does Immanuel Kant view the importance of the Self in organizing impressions?
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What does Gilbert Ryle suggest about the Self?
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What does Merleau Ponty assert about the relationship between mind and body?
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According to Marcel Mauss, what does 'Moi' refer to?
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How do Mead and Vygotsky view the development of the human mind?
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What role does family play in the development of selfhood, according to the provided content?
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What is one of the main aspects of the self that is subject to change and development?
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What are the characteristics defining the Self as mentioned in the content?
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According to Nancy Chodorow, what is a tendency observed in girls regarding their identity?
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What was William James' contribution to the understanding of self?
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Which self-schema represents who an individual believes they should be?
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What phenomenon describes feeling threatened by someone else's success?
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What trait is characterized by excessively high self-esteem and self-centeredness?
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What is the ultimate purpose of life according to Confucianism?
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What term refers to the social roles and responsibilities that shape one's identity?
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Study Notes
Understanding the Self and Identity
- Names play a crucial role in defining identity; they signify who we are and the thought processes behind their selection.
- The self is a dynamic construct, shaped over time through personal experiences and interactions rather than being a static attribute or merely a label.
Historical Perspectives on Self
- Greek philosophers initiated systematic inquiry into the nature of self, moving away from mythical explanations.
- Socrates posited a dualistic nature of humans, consisting of body and soul, emphasizing the importance of self-examination.
- Plato identified three soul components: rational (reason), spirited (emotions), and appetitive (desires), advocating for harmony among them for justice.
- St. Augustine highlighted the soul's immortality, maintaining its existence beyond physical life.
- Thomas Aquinas distinguished between matter and form, with the soul as the animating essence of human beings.
Modern Philosophical Views
- René Descartes, the father of modern philosophy, asserted self-existence through the phrase "cogito ergo sum" (I think therefore I am).
- David Hume rejected the notion of a permanent self, viewing it as a compilation of perceptions.
- Immanuel Kant claimed the self is essential for organizing one’s perceptions and experiences.
- Gilbert Ryle argued that the self is expressed through observable behavior rather than a separate entity.
- Merleau-Ponty presented the idea of inseparability of mind and body, denying a distinct self.
Gender and Identity Formation
- Individual selves are significantly shaped by societal, familial, and community contexts.
- Marcel Mauss categorized self into two aspects: "Moi" (personal identity) and "Personne" (social identity).
- Mead and Vygotsky emphasized language and social interaction as critical to self-development.
- Gender plays a crucial role in identity, with societal norms influencing behavior and self-perception.
Aspects of Identity
- Identity encompasses personal characteristics, social roles, and responsibilities, as explored by William James through the concepts of "I" (active self) and "me" (characteristics).
- Carl Rogers described self-schema as the organized knowledge system about oneself.
- Sigmund Freud's model includes three elements: id (instincts), ego (reality), and superego (morality).
Self-Awareness and Self-Concept
- Self-awareness contains three schemas: actual self (current state), ideal self (desired state), and ought self (expected state).
- Social comparison theory indicates that individuals may feel threatened by those who outperform them.
- Narcissism is characterized by excessive self-admiration and inflated self-esteem.
Ethical Considerations in Self
- Confucianism emphasizes ethical conduct and self-cultivation as integral to virtuous living within social relationships.
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Description
This quiz explores the significance of names in shaping our identities. It examines how cultural and familial influences can impact the names we are given and what those names signify about who we are. Delve into the personal and developmental perspectives on self and identity.
