Defining Prejudice -- Chapter 13 Chapter Summary Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is prejudice defined as by social psychologists?

  • An emotional response to a specific social situation
  • A hostile or negative attitude toward a distinguishable group of people based solely on their group membership (correct)
  • A behavioral reaction to a particular cultural practice
  • A positive attitude toward a distinguishable group of people based on their individual characteristics

    • What is a stereotype, according to social psychologists?

  • A generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group (correct)
  • A behavior exhibited by a specific social group
  • A generalization about a group of people that acknowledges individual differences
  • A mental tool used to understand individual personalities

    • What is a limitation of stereotypes?

  • They are always based on factual information
  • They can become maladaptive and unfair both to the person holding the stereotype and to the target (correct)
  • They are only used to understand individual personalities
  • They are always negative

    • What is a consequence of holding stereotypes?

    <p>Limiting and demeaning treatment of members of the stereotyped group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can stereotypes be useful, according to social psychologists?

    <p>They can simplify the social world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What varies across societies regarding prejudice?

    <p>The particular social groups that are the victims of prejudice and the degree to which societies enable or discourage discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that drives people to favor their own groups over others?

    <p>The need for social identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mistaken perception that members of the out-group are all alike?

    <p>Out-group homogeneity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which frustrated and angry people tend to displace their aggression from its real source to a convenient target?

    <p>Scapegoating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the contact hypothesis, what is the most important way to reduce prejudice between racial and ethnic groups?

    <p>Bringing in-group and out-group members together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that can make contact between groups more effective in reducing prejudice?

    <p>Superordinate goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cooperative learning approach that has been shown to improve minority students' self-esteem and performance?

    <p>The jigsaw classroom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to treat members of our own group more positively than members of the out-group?

    <p>In-group bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for prejudice and discrimination against out-groups, according to realistic conflict theory?

    <p>Competition for limited resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for blaming the victim for one's own prejudices and discriminatory behavior?

    <p>Blaming the victim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of social psychologists in studying prejudice and intergroup relations?

    <p>To reduce prejudice and promote better relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emotional aspect of prejudice that makes it hard to argue with?

    <p>Deep emotional aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of institutionalized discrimination?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do people tend to behave with greater aggression or hostility toward a stereotyped target?

    <p>When they are stressed, angry, or have suffered a blow to their self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Implicit Association Test (IAT)?

    <p>To detect hidden prejudices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social identity threat?

    <p>The anxiety that some groups feel when a stereotype about their group is activated or they could be devalued on the basis of their social identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one cause of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

    <p>Stereotypes and prejudices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one aspect of social life that can cause prejudice?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sending out identical résumés that vary only the applicant’s name or another identifying feature?

    <p>To detect hidden prejudices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of prejudice on its victims?

    <p>It creates a self-fulfilling prophecy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of people conforming to social rules?

    <p>They become more prejudiced</p> Signup and view all the answers

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