26 Questions
What is prejudice defined as by social psychologists?
A hostile or negative attitude toward a distinguishable group of people based solely on their group membership
What is a stereotype, according to social psychologists?
A generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group
What is a limitation of stereotypes?
They can become maladaptive and unfair both to the person holding the stereotype and to the target
What is a consequence of holding stereotypes?
Limiting and demeaning treatment of members of the stereotyped group
Why can stereotypes be useful, according to social psychologists?
They can simplify the social world
What varies across societies regarding prejudice?
The particular social groups that are the victims of prejudice and the degree to which societies enable or discourage discrimination
What is the primary factor that drives people to favor their own groups over others?
The need for social identity
What is the term for the mistaken perception that members of the out-group are all alike?
Out-group homogeneity
What is the process by which frustrated and angry people tend to displace their aggression from its real source to a convenient target?
Scapegoating
According to the contact hypothesis, what is the most important way to reduce prejudice between racial and ethnic groups?
Bringing in-group and out-group members together
What is a key factor that can make contact between groups more effective in reducing prejudice?
Superordinate goals
What is the name of the cooperative learning approach that has been shown to improve minority students' self-esteem and performance?
The jigsaw classroom
What is the term for the tendency to treat members of our own group more positively than members of the out-group?
In-group bias
What is the primary reason for prejudice and discrimination against out-groups, according to realistic conflict theory?
Competition for limited resources
What is the term for blaming the victim for one's own prejudices and discriminatory behavior?
Blaming the victim
What is the goal of social psychologists in studying prejudice and intergroup relations?
To reduce prejudice and promote better relationships
What is the emotional aspect of prejudice that makes it hard to argue with?
Deep emotional aspect
What is an example of institutionalized discrimination?
All of the above
Why do people tend to behave with greater aggression or hostility toward a stereotyped target?
When they are stressed, angry, or have suffered a blow to their self-esteem
What is the purpose of the Implicit Association Test (IAT)?
To detect hidden prejudices
What is social identity threat?
The anxiety that some groups feel when a stereotype about their group is activated or they could be devalued on the basis of their social identity
What is one cause of the self-fulfilling prophecy?
Stereotypes and prejudices
What is one aspect of social life that can cause prejudice?
All of the above
What is the purpose of sending out identical résumés that vary only the applicant’s name or another identifying feature?
To detect hidden prejudices
What is the effect of prejudice on its victims?
It creates a self-fulfilling prophecy
What is the result of people conforming to social rules?
They become more prejudiced
Learn about the concept of prejudice, its components, and how it varies across societies. Discover how social psychologists define prejudice and its effects on different social groups.
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