Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term for the state of dynamic equilibrium in the body where all systems function normally and in balance?
What is the term for the state of dynamic equilibrium in the body where all systems function normally and in balance?
- Homeostasis (correct)
- Infirmity
- Pathology
- Syndrome
Which of the following is considered a subjective manifestation of disease?
Which of the following is considered a subjective manifestation of disease?
- Fever
- Swelling
- Pain (correct)
- Redness
What is the primary focus of a pathologist's work?
What is the primary focus of a pathologist's work?
- Developing new medical imaging techniques
- Treating patients with various diseases
- Conducting research on the causes of diseases
- Diagnosing diseases by studying cell and tissue morphology (correct)
Which imaging technique uses radiofrequency energy emitted by hydrogen atoms in a magnetic field to create images?
Which imaging technique uses radiofrequency energy emitted by hydrogen atoms in a magnetic field to create images?
Which of the following is an example of a disorder according to the provided text?
Which of the following is an example of a disorder according to the provided text?
What is the main advantage of using ultrasound for imaging?
What is the main advantage of using ultrasound for imaging?
Which medical imaging technique utilizes X-rays to visualize the chest?
Which medical imaging technique utilizes X-rays to visualize the chest?
Which imaging technique is known for its detailed 3D images and is often used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes?
Which imaging technique is known for its detailed 3D images and is often used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of chest X-rays?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of chest X-rays?
Which of these is a limitation of using ultrasound for imaging?
Which of these is a limitation of using ultrasound for imaging?
What is a potential disadvantage of mammography in detecting breast cancer?
What is a potential disadvantage of mammography in detecting breast cancer?
What type of cells are often characterized by enlarged, active nuclei, minimal cytoplasm, crowding, and cells appearing stuck together?
What type of cells are often characterized by enlarged, active nuclei, minimal cytoplasm, crowding, and cells appearing stuck together?
Which of the following correctly describes the appearance of denser tissues, like ribs, on a chest X-ray?
Which of the following correctly describes the appearance of denser tissues, like ribs, on a chest X-ray?
What is the primary goal of Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)?
What is the primary goal of Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)?
What is the difference between a benign and a malignant nodule in terms of cellular characteristics?
What is the difference between a benign and a malignant nodule in terms of cellular characteristics?
What does the term "acute" refer to in the context of illness?
What does the term "acute" refer to in the context of illness?
What is the term used to describe a disease that has no known cause?
What is the term used to describe a disease that has no known cause?
Which of the following is NOT a category of disease etiology (cause)?
Which of the following is NOT a category of disease etiology (cause)?
What does the term 'morbidity' refer to in relation to disease?
What does the term 'morbidity' refer to in relation to disease?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a chronic disease?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a chronic disease?
A disease that worsens in severity is called a(n):
A disease that worsens in severity is called a(n):
The study of how a disease's cause leads to bodily changes is known as:
The study of how a disease's cause leads to bodily changes is known as:
What term describes a condition that is a consequence of a previous disease or injury?
What term describes a condition that is a consequence of a previous disease or injury?
Which of the following examples BEST represents a congenital disease?
Which of the following examples BEST represents a congenital disease?
Flashcards
Health
Health
The state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being; not just absence of disease.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
The state of dynamic equilibrium maintained by feedback and regulation.
Signs (in disease)
Signs (in disease)
Objective physical manifestations of disease like swelling or redness.
Symptoms (in disease)
Symptoms (in disease)
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Pathology
Pathology
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Disorder
Disorder
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Syndrome
Syndrome
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Mammography
Mammography
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Terminal Illness
Terminal Illness
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Remission
Remission
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Exacerbation
Exacerbation
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Relapse
Relapse
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Epidemiology
Epidemiology
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Etiology
Etiology
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Autoimmune Disease
Autoimmune Disease
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Congenital Disorder
Congenital Disorder
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CT Scan
CT Scan
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MRI
MRI
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Ultrasound
Ultrasound
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PET Scan
PET Scan
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Cytology
Cytology
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Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)
Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)
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Benign Cells
Benign Cells
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Acute Illness
Acute Illness
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Study Notes
Defining Health and Disease
- Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.
- Homeostasis is the body's dynamic equilibrium, maintained by feedback mechanisms.
- All body systems need to be functioning normally and in balance.
Characteristics of Disease
- Signs: Objective physical manifestations (e.g., swelling, redness).
- Symptoms: Subjective manifestations (e.g., pain, weakness).
- Pathology: The study of disease.
- Pathologist: A physician specializing in diagnosing diseases via cell and tissue examination.
- Clinician: The physician or healthcare professional caring for patients.
Disorders and Syndromes
- A disorder is an abnormal condition of the mind or body, often with combined symptoms, physical findings, or lab results linked by a common factor (genetic, biochemical, physiological, or structural abnormality).
- Syndromes are examples of disorders (e.g., Down syndrome, trisomy 21).
Medical Imaging Techniques
- Medical imaging techniques are used for diagnostics.
Course of Disease
- Acute: Short-term illness.
- Terminal: Illness leading to death.
- Chronic: Long-term illness.
- Remission: Period where disease symptoms lessen or disappear.
- Exacerbation: Increase in severity of a disease.
- Relapse: Recurrence of a disease after remission.
- Complication: A new problem arising from an existing disease.
- Sequela: A condition resulting from a previous disease or injury.
Describing the Occurrence of Disease
- Mortality: Number of deaths.
- Morbidity: Incidence of disease (how many people affected).
- Incidence: Number of newly diagnosed cases.
- Prevalence: Percentage of a population affected by a disease at a given time.
- Epidemiology: Study of disease occurrence, transmission, distribution, and control.
- Etiology: Cause of a disease.
- Pathogenesis: How a disease's cause leads to changes resulting in disease.
- Idiopathic: Disease with no recognizable cause.
Chief Causes of Disease (Etiology)
- Hereditary: Passed down through genes.
- Congenital: Present at birth; birth defects from genetic makeup.
- Degenerative: Continuous process of cell changes leading to deterioration.
- Inflammatory: Uncontrolled inflammation causing tissue destruction.
- Autoimmune: Immune system attacks healthy cells.
- Neoplastic: Abnormal growth (malignant or benign).
- Metabolic: Genetically/acquired-determined factors related to obtaining/making energy from food.
- Traumatic: Physical injury/wound.
- Nutritional: Deficiency or excess of nutrients.
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