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Questions and Answers
What are the three common features that abnormalities share?
What is meant by dysfunction in the context of abnormalities?
What does distress refer to in the context of abnormalities?
What is deviance in the context of abnormalities?
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What were the traditional beliefs about the causes of mental illnesses?
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Who were the pioneers of the psychoanalytic theory?
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Which treatment method involves slowly introducing a stimulus to reduce the intensity of a response?
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According to the cognitive model, what is believed to be the cause of disorders?
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What is an example of treatment in Carl Roger’s person centered therapy?
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Which model believes that disorders are primarily due to learned behaviors?
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What is the main focus of the humanistic theory in understanding the causes of disorders?
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Which model emphasizes identifying biased thoughts and challenging them with evidence as a treatment method?
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What approach focuses on the biological, psychological, and social aspects of treatment?
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"Thwarted needs and conditional regard" are associated with which modern aetiology of disorders?
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What is an example of treatment associated with the Biological approach?
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Study Notes
Common Features of Abnormalities
- Abnormalities share three key features: dysfunction, distress, and deviance.
Dysfunction
- Dysfunction refers to impaired functioning in daily life, affecting roles in family, work, or community.
Distress
- Distress highlights the emotional suffering experienced by individuals, negatively influencing their quality of life.
Deviance
- Deviance indicates behavior that diverges from societal norms, often viewed as unusual or atypical.
Traditional Beliefs about Mental Illnesses
- Mental illnesses were historically thought to result from supernatural forces or imbalances in bodily humors.
Pioneers of Psychoanalytic Theory
- Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler are recognized as pioneers of psychoanalytic theory, emphasizing unconscious processes.
Gradual Exposure Treatment
- Systematic desensitization is a method that gradually introduces a stimulus to reduce anxiety or fear responses.
Cognitive Model's Perspective
- The cognitive model posits that disorders stem from maladaptive thought patterns and cognitive distortions.
Carl Rogers' Person-Centered Therapy
- An example of treatment in person-centered therapy includes providing unconditional positive regard to encourage personal growth.
Behavioral Model
- The behavioral model asserts that disorders are largely a result of learned behaviors and environmental conditioning.
Focus of Humanistic Theory
- Humanistic theory centers on self-actualization and personal growth, emphasizing subjective experiences and individual potential.
Cognitive Behavioral Approach
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) focuses on identifying erroneous thoughts, challenging them, and restructuring them with evidence.
Biopsychosocial Approach
- The biopsychosocial approach integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding and treating mental disorders.
Modern Aetiology Concepts
- "Thwarted needs and conditional regard" are concepts linked to modern psychological understanding of disorders and their development.
Biological Approach Treatments
- Examples of treatment in the biological approach include medication and medical interventions aimed at correcting neurochemical imbalances.
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Description
Explore the complexities of defining and identifying abnormalities, and how they affect individuals' daily lives. Learn about the common features of abnormalities like dysfunction, deviance, and distress, and the potential consequences of labeling people with abnormalities.
