Defining Abnormalities and Dysfunction Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the three common features shared by abnormalities?

Disorientation, disbelief, and detachment

Depression, desolation, and denial

Dysfunction, deviance, and distress (correct)

Deficiency, deviation, and discomfort

What is dysfunction in the context of abnormalities?

Extreme introversion

Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning (correct)

Excessive happiness and excitement

Inability to express emotions

What does 'deviance' refer to in the context of abnormalities?

Not socially or culturally accepted behavior (correct)

Extreme happiness and enthusiasm

Adherence to social norms

Increased social interaction

What was the historical belief regarding the causes of mental illnesses?

Supernatural causes and biological reasons Signup and view all the answers

Who were the pioneers of the Psychoanalytic Theory?

Freud and Breuer Signup and view all the answers

What is the modern understanding of the causes of mental illnesses?

Psychological or social factors Signup and view all the answers

What form of treatment did Freud use?

Free association Signup and view all the answers

According to the Humanistic Theory, what contributes to the potential causes of disorders in an individual?

Thwarted needs and conditional regard Signup and view all the answers

Which model posits that disorders are because of learned behaviors, such as positive/negative reinforcements or punishments?

Behavioural Model Signup and view all the answers

What is the best treatment for biased/distracted thoughts according to the Cognitive Model?

Identifying and challenging biased thoughts with evidence Signup and view all the answers

What type of conditioning is involved in the development of phobias according to the text?

Classical conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Which type of treatment involves unpairing a conditioned stimulus to an unconditioned stimulus to lessen the conditioned response?

Extinction/extinguishing Signup and view all the answers

According to the Humanistic Theory, what example of treatment is characterized by unconditional positive regard, empathy, genuineness, and self-actualization?

Person centred therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which model believes that disorders are due to unconscious thoughts that make individuals function poorly?

Psychoanalytic Model Signup and view all the answers

What is one example used in the text to illustrate Classical Conditioning and Mental Health?

Development of Claustrophobia Signup and view all the answers

Which model believes that disorders are due to biased/distracted thoughts?

Cognitive Model Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Common Features of Abnormalities

Three common features shared by abnormalities include dysfunction, deviance, and personal distress.

Dysfunction in the Context of Abnormalities

Dysfunction refers to impaired functioning in crucial areas such as work, relationships, or daily activities, indicating the impact of abnormal behavior.

Deviance Referring to Abnormalities

Deviance describes behaviors or thoughts that significantly differ from societal norms and expectations, marking them as abnormal.

Historical Beliefs About Causes of Mental Illnesses

Historically, mental illnesses were believed to be caused by supernatural forces or imbalances in bodily humors.

Pioneers of Psychoanalytic Theory

Sigmund Freud is the key figure in Psychoanalytic Theory, focusing on unconscious processes and early childhood experiences to explain mental disorders.

Modern Understanding of Causes of Mental Illnesses

Current perspectives acknowledge a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development of mental illnesses.

Treatment Used by Freud

Freud employed psychoanalysis as a treatment technique, involving talk therapy to uncover and address unconscious conflicts.

Humanistic Theory and Potential Causes of Disorders

According to the Humanistic Theory, potential causes of disorders stem from an individual's perceived lack of self-actualization and unconditional positive regard.

Learning Model of Disorders

The Behavioral Model posits that disorders arise from learned behaviors, influenced by positive/negative reinforcements or punishments.

Cognitive Model Treatment for Biased/Distracted Thoughts

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is considered the best treatment for individuals struggling with biased or distracted thoughts.

Conditioning Involved in Phobias Development

Classical conditioning is central to understanding the development of phobias, where neutral stimuli become associated with fear responses.

Treatment for Conditioned Response Reduction

Extinction treatments involve unpairing a conditioned stimulus from an unconditioned stimulus to reduce the conditioned response.

Humanistic Theory Treatment Example

Client-centered therapy exemplifies Humanistic Theory, characterized by unconditional positive regard, empathy, genuineness, and emphasis on self-actualization.

Unconscious Thoughts and Disorder Model

The Psychoanalytic Model points to disorders as a result of unconscious thoughts that hinder an individual’s ability to function effectively.

Example of Classical Conditioning and Mental Health

An example illustrating Classical Conditioning in mental health is the training of fear responses through learned associations with feared stimuli.

Model Addressing Biased/Distracted Thoughts

The Cognitive Model believes that disorders originate from biased or distracted thoughts, influencing an individual's mental state and behavior.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the definition of abnormalities and dysfunction, including factors affecting daily life, deviance, distress, and impairment in functioning. Explore the impact of labelling individuals with abnormalities.