Defining Abnormalities and Dysfunction Quiz

Common Features of Abnormalities

• Three common features shared by abnormalities include dysfunction, deviance, and personal distress.

Dysfunction in the Context of Abnormalities

• Dysfunction refers to impaired functioning in crucial areas such as work, relationships, or daily activities, indicating the impact of abnormal behavior.

Deviance Referring to Abnormalities

• Deviance describes behaviors or thoughts that significantly differ from societal norms and expectations, marking them as abnormal.

Historical Beliefs About Causes of Mental Illnesses

• Historically, mental illnesses were believed to be caused by supernatural forces or imbalances in bodily humors.

Pioneers of Psychoanalytic Theory

• Sigmund Freud is the key figure in Psychoanalytic Theory, focusing on unconscious processes and early childhood experiences to explain mental disorders.

Modern Understanding of Causes of Mental Illnesses

• Current perspectives acknowledge a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development of mental illnesses.

Treatment Used by Freud

• Freud employed psychoanalysis as a treatment technique, involving talk therapy to uncover and address unconscious conflicts.

Humanistic Theory and Potential Causes of Disorders

• According to the Humanistic Theory, potential causes of disorders stem from an individual's perceived lack of self-actualization and unconditional positive regard.

Learning Model of Disorders

• The Behavioral Model posits that disorders arise from learned behaviors, influenced by positive/negative reinforcements or punishments.

Cognitive Model Treatment for Biased/Distracted Thoughts

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is considered the best treatment for individuals struggling with biased or distracted thoughts.

Conditioning Involved in Phobias Development

• Classical conditioning is central to understanding the development of phobias, where neutral stimuli become associated with fear responses.

Treatment for Conditioned Response Reduction

• Extinction treatments involve unpairing a conditioned stimulus from an unconditioned stimulus to reduce the conditioned response.

Humanistic Theory Treatment Example

• Client-centered therapy exemplifies Humanistic Theory, characterized by unconditional positive regard, empathy, genuineness, and emphasis on self-actualization.

Unconscious Thoughts and Disorder Model

• The Psychoanalytic Model points to disorders as a result of unconscious thoughts that hinder an individual’s ability to function effectively.

Example of Classical Conditioning and Mental Health

• An example illustrating Classical Conditioning in mental health is the training of fear responses through learned associations with feared stimuli.

Model Addressing Biased/Distracted Thoughts

• The Cognitive Model believes that disorders originate from biased or distracted thoughts, influencing an individual's mental state and behavior.