Module 4 - L2

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According to IAS 12, under what condition is a deferred tax asset arising from a deductible temporary difference recognized?

  • If it is remote that future economic benefit associated with the item will flow to the entity.
  • If it is probable that future economic benefit associated with the item will flow to the entity. (correct)
  • If it is possible that future economic benefit associated with the item will flow to the entity.
  • If it is reasonably possible that future economic benefit associated with the item will flow to the entity.

What is generally accepted meaning of 'probable' according to IAS 37, which can be used to assist in understanding IAS 12?

  • The event is likely to occur 50% of the time.
  • There is virtual certainty that event will occur.
  • The event is more likely than not to occur. (correct)
  • The event is possible to occur.

What is the primary source of taxable profit, according to paragraph 28 of IAS 12?

  • The reversal of deductible temporary differences.
  • Tax planning opportunities.
  • The initial recognition of assets.
  • The reversal of taxable temporary differences. (correct)

According to IAS 12, what are 'tax planning opportunities'?

<p>Actions that the entity would take to create or increase taxable income in a particular period before the expiry of a tax loss or tax credit carry-forward. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does HIJ Investments PLC use to determine the probability of future utilization of deductible temporary differences, as of December 31, 20X1?

<p>Both warranty obligations and receivables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should HIJ Investments PLC consider when determining whether there are sufficient taxable temporary differences?

<p>Both existing and future reversals of taxable temporary differences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstance can an entity create taxable profit according to IAS 12?

<p>By utilizing tax planning opportunities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for an entity with a history of tax losses discussed in?

<p>TAS 12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A deductible temporary difference can be used against the resulting taxable profit when...

<p>A taxable temporary difference reverses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT directly mentioned in the text as a method to improve the reliability of professional judgement by preparers?

<p>Consultation with tax professionals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 20X1, an entity identifies a taxable temporary difference of $100,000, expected to reverse in future years. What is the remaining taxable temporary difference at the end of 20X2?

<p>$55,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 12, under what condition should a deferred tax asset be recognized?

<p>If it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilized. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An entity has a deductible temporary difference of $60,000 and a tax rate of 30%. What is the deferred tax asset?

<p>$18,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 20X3, an entity expects to reverse a taxable temporary difference of $55,000. Assuming a tax rate of 30%, what is the related deferred tax liability?

<p>$16,500 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor to consider when determining whether to recognize a deferred tax asset?

<p>The probability that the deductible temporary difference can be utilized against future taxable profits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an entity has both deductible and taxable temporary differences, how are they generally presented?

<p>They are presented separately, with a deferred tax asset for deductible differences and a deferred tax liability for taxable differences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the year ended 31 December 20X1, an entity's taxable profit was $nil. What impact does this have on the recognition of a deferred tax asset?

<p>It necessitates a careful assessment of future taxable profits to determine if the deferred tax asset can be utilized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When determining the probability of future taxable profits, what should an entity consider?

<p>Both past performance and expectations of future taxable profits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of recognizing deferred tax assets and liabilities?

<p>To reflect the future tax consequences of past transactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the reversal of temporary differences affect an entity's taxable income?

<p>The reversal of a taxable temporary difference causes an increase in future taxable income. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 12, how does the standard treat the recognition of deferred tax liabilities or assets arising from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a non-business combination transaction?

<p>It prohibits recognition of the resulting deferred tax liability or asset, either on initial recognition or subsequently. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a jurisdiction where reductions in the carrying amount of goodwill are not deductible for tax purposes, and the cost of goodwill is not deductible when a subsidiary disposes of its business, what is the typical tax base of goodwill?

<p>The tax base of goodwill is nil. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does IAS 12 not permit the recognition of a deferred tax liability resulting from the difference between the carrying amount of goodwill and its tax base?

<p>Because it would increase the carrying amount of goodwill. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An entity purchases machinery for $100, but the maximum tax deduction allowed is $60. How is this transaction recorded according to IAS 12, paragraph 15(b)?

<p>Dr Machinery $100, Cr Cash/Accounts Payable $100 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition should a deferred tax asset be recognized for deductible temporary differences?

<p>When it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilized. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when applying the recognition criteria to deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences?

<p>The probability that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilized. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following situations would deferred tax assets typically not be recognized?

<p>When related to deductible temporary differences arising from initial asset recognition in a non-business combination that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An entity purchases an asset for $1,000. For tax purposes, the asset has a tax base of $1,200 on initial recognition. How does IAS 12 address this situation?

<p>Prohibits the recognition of a deferred tax asset due to specific exceptions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 12, for which of the following taxable temporary differences is a deferred tax liability generally recognized?

<p>Investments in subsidiaries, branches, and associates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An entity has unused tax losses. Under what condition should a deferred tax asset be recognized for the carryforward of these losses?

<p>When it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses can be utilized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under IAS 12, in which scenario is the recognition of a deferred tax liability specifically prohibited?

<p>Taxable temporary differences arising from the initial recognition of goodwill. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition must be met for the exception regarding the initial recognition of an asset or liability to apply, such that no deferred tax liability is recognized?

<p>The transaction is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential impact could result from adjustments made to financial statements, in the absence of the exemption contained in paragraph 15(b)?

<p>Decreased transparency; therefore, they become potentially misleading (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of deferred tax liabilities, what is the primary accounting standard that governs the recognition and measurement of goodwill arising from a business combination?

<p>IFRS 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An entity recognizes an asset. According to IAS 12, under which of the following scenarios would the initial recognition of this asset lead to the recognition of a deferred tax liability?

<p>The asset recognition results in a taxable temporary difference and the transaction is not a business combination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 12, what is a critical factor in determining whether to recognize a deferred tax liability related to the initial recognition of an asset or liability?

<p>Whether the transaction is a business combination and its impact on accounting and taxable profit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a deferred tax liability related to taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, branches, and associates be recognized?

<p>In accordance with paragraph 39 of IAS 12. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies a situation where a deferred tax liability would not be recognized due to exceptions defined in IAS 12?

<p>Arising from a business combination, specifically the initial recognition of goodwill. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An entity acquires a subsidiary. During consolidation, the fair value of the subsidiary's equipment exceeds its tax base, creating a taxable temporary difference of $100,000. Simultaneously, goodwill is recorded at $50,000 due to the business combination. How does IAS 12 guide the accounting treatment for the deferred tax implications?

<p>A deferred tax liability is recognized only for the taxable temporary difference but not for the initial recognition of goodwill. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Entity A is considering a transaction that involves the initial recognition of a new asset. According to IAS12, which conditions would permit Entity A not to recognize a deferred tax liability?

<p>The transaction is not a business combination and affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Deferred Tax Assets

Tax benefits expected from future deductions or losses.

Deferred Tax Liabilities

Tax obligations due in future due to temporary differences.

TAS 12

Standard that outlines deferred tax recognition rules.

Exceptions to Recognition

Specific situations where deferred taxes are not recognized.

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Goodwill Recognition

Goodwill from business combinations under IFRS 3.

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Taxable Temporary Differences

Differences that increase taxable income in future.

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Initial Recognition Exceptions

Exceptions for recognizing liabilities/assets initially.

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Unused Tax Losses

Losses that can offset future taxable income.

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Investments and Deferred Taxes

Deferred tax liabilities recognized for some investments.

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Measurement of Deferred Taxes

Rules for calculating deferred tax amounts.

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Goodwill tax treatment

Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes, leading to a nil tax base.

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IAS 12 paragraph 21

Prohibits recognition of deferred tax liabilities for goodwill.

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Initial recognition of assets

Temporary differences arise when recording asset cost not fully deductible for tax.

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Recognition exemption

Allows non-recognition of deferred tax liabilities during asset recognition under certain conditions.

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Accounting vs. taxable profit

Initial transactions affecting neither accounting nor taxable profits lead to recognition issues.

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Recognition rules for assets

A deferred tax asset must be probable to utilize against taxable profit for recognition.

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Deductible temporary differences

These arise when deductible amounts differ from taxable amounts at the same time.

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Investment-associated tax assets

Certain investments allow recognition of deferred tax assets, despite general restrictions.

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Deferred Tax Asset Recognition

A deferred tax asset is recognized if probable future economic benefits will flow to the entity.

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Probable Criterion

A standard stating that deferred tax assets are recognized only if future taxable profits are likely.

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Artificial Intelligence in Tax

Technology used to enhance the accuracy of tax liability predictions.

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Tax Planning Opportunities

Actions taken to create taxable income before losing credits or losses.

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Future Taxable Profit

Profit expected to be earned which can be taxed in the future.

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Consistency in Judgement

Professional judgement should be consistently reliable across entities.

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Reversal of Temporary Differences

The process when temporary differences become taxable income or deductions.

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Reversal of Deferred Tax

The process of a temporary difference affecting taxes in the future.

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Probable Taxable Profit

Taxable profits expected to be available for utilizing deferred tax assets.

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IAS 12 Requirements

Standards that dictate the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

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Future Reporting Periods

Timeframes beyond the current reporting year when tax differences will reverse.

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Taxable Profit for 20X1

The income amount used to determine tax obligations for the year ended December 31, 20X1.

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Reversal Amounts for 20X2 and 20X3

The specific amounts for deductible and taxable differences in fiscal years 20X2 and 20X3.

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$60,000 x 30%

Formula used to calculate the deferred tax asset from a deductible temporary difference.

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Study Notes

Deferred Tax Recognition - Part B

  • Recognition of Deferred Tax Liabilities: Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except in specific situations.

  • Exceptions for Deferred Tax Liabilities: No recognition needed when a liability stems from:

    • The initial recognition of goodwill.
    • Initial recognition of an asset/liability in a non-business combination transaction, doesn't affect accounting/tax profit initially, and doesn't create equal taxable/deductible temporary differences.
    • Taxable temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, branches, associates, and joint ventures are recognized as per IAS 12, paragraph 39.
  • Goodwill (Business Combinations): Goodwill arising from mergers is recognized and measured per IFRS 3. Goodwill's tax base is often zero in some jurisdictions; hence, no deferred tax liability is recognized to avoid increasing the carrying amount of goodwill.

  • Other Assets/Liabilities (Non-Business Combinations): If a transaction isn't a merger, doesn't affect profit initially, and doesn't create equal temporary differences, no deferred tax liability/asset should be recognized. This maintains transparency in financial statements.

  • Subsequent Changes: An entity is prohibited from recognizing subsequent changes in unrecognised deferred tax liabilities/assets.

  • Example (Machinery): Purchasing machinery for 100withtaxdeductionslimitedto100 with tax deductions limited to 100withtaxdeductionslimitedto60 leads to no recognized deferred tax liability because of the exemption under IAS 12, paragraph 15(b).

Deferred Tax Assets

  • Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets: Deferred tax assets arise from deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses/credits, to the extent it is probable that future taxable income will exist to utilize these differences.

  • Deductible Temporary Differences: Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences. The recognition depends on the probability of future taxable profit.

  • Exceptions for Deferred Tax Assets (Deductible Differences): No recognition of deferred tax assets is needed when:

    • The deductible temporary difference stems from transactions not classified as business combinations.
    • The transaction does not primarily affect accounting or tax profit in the initial period.
    • The transaction doesn't yield equal taxable and deductible temporary differences.
    • Deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, branches, associates, and joint ventures are recognized per paragraph 44 (IAS 12).
  • Example (Asset Purchase): An asset with a cost of 1000mayhaveataxbaseof1000 may have a tax base of 1000mayhaveataxbaseof1200. No deferred tax asset is recognized under IAS 12, para 24.

  • Probability Criterion: Deferred tax assets are recognized only if it's probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity. This depends on the likelihood of future taxable profit.

  • Definition of "Probable": Probable means "more likely than not", meaning the likelihood of the event (future taxable profit) is greater than not occurring.

  • Professional Judgement: Judgment is needed in applying the "probable" criterion, potentially aided by AI, like deep learning software to predict tax implications of future transactions.

  • Utilizing Taxable Profit: A key source of taxable profit is the reversal of taxable temporary differences, letting deductible differences be applied. Insufficient taxable profit or the ability to create further taxable profit (e.g., through tax planning) are additional factors affecting deferred tax asset recognition. Insufficient available taxable temporary differences and the ability to generate additional taxable profits or tax planning opportunities, are supplementary conditions for potential asset recognition.

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