Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the three major processes involved in the transfer of bilirubin from blood to bile?
What are the three major processes involved in the transfer of bilirubin from blood to bile?
Uptake, conjugation, and secretion
Which specific enzymes are responsible for removing glucuronosyl moieties from conjugated bilirubin in the intestines?
Which specific enzymes are responsible for removing glucuronosyl moieties from conjugated bilirubin in the intestines?
Bacterial β-glucuronidases
What is the group of colorless tetrapyrroles formed by the reduction of urobilinogens by fecal flora?
What is the group of colorless tetrapyrroles formed by the reduction of urobilinogens by fecal flora?
Urobilinogens
What is the role of Bilirubin UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase enzymes?
What is the role of Bilirubin UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase enzymes?
Signup and view all the answers
In which part of the body does the reabsorption of small portions of urobilinogens occur?
In which part of the body does the reabsorption of small portions of urobilinogens occur?
Signup and view all the answers
How do mutations in the gene encoding bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase affect enzyme activity?
How do mutations in the gene encoding bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase affect enzyme activity?
Signup and view all the answers
Under what conditions may urobilinogen be excreted in the urine?
Under what conditions may urobilinogen be excreted in the urine?
Signup and view all the answers
Name two syndromes associated with impaired bilirubin conjugation.
Name two syndromes associated with impaired bilirubin conjugation.
Signup and view all the answers
What can cause unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia?
What can cause unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia?
Signup and view all the answers
Name a syndrome related to impaired bilirubin conjugation that results in toxic jaundice.
Name a syndrome related to impaired bilirubin conjugation that results in toxic jaundice.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia?
What is the most common cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens when bilirubin diglucuronide cannot be excreted properly?
What happens when bilirubin diglucuronide cannot be excreted properly?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main cause of predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in liver diseases?
What is the main cause of predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in liver diseases?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the usual level of bilirubin in hyperbilirubinemia despite extensive hemolysis?
What is the usual level of bilirubin in hyperbilirubinemia despite extensive hemolysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum level of serum bilirubin that toxic hyperbilirubinemia tends not to exceed?
What is the maximum level of serum bilirubin that toxic hyperbilirubinemia tends not to exceed?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the result of accelerated hemolysis and an immature hepatic system in neonatal 'physiologic jaundice'?
What is the result of accelerated hemolysis and an immature hepatic system in neonatal 'physiologic jaundice'?
Signup and view all the answers
What can happen if the plasma concentration of unconjugated bilirubin exceeds the binding capacity of albumin in neonates?
What can happen if the plasma concentration of unconjugated bilirubin exceeds the binding capacity of albumin in neonates?
Signup and view all the answers
What can untreated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates lead to?
What can untreated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates lead to?
Signup and view all the answers
