Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Quiz

Deductive Reasoning

• The main characteristic of deductive reasoning is that it involves deriving a conclusion that follows necessarily and with absolute certainty from one or more premises.
• The philosopher attributed to the development of the syllogism is Aristotle.
• The core concept of deductive reasoning is that the conclusion follows with absolute certainty from the premises.

Greek Philosophers and Deductive Reasoning

• Greek philosophers associated with the development of deductive reasoning include Aristotle, Plato, and the Stoics.

Conditions for Deductive Validity

• For an inference to be deductively valid, it is required that the conclusion follows necessarily and with absolute certainty from the premises.

False Premises and Deductive Reasoning

• A false premise can possibly lead to a false conclusion in deductive reasoning.

Inductive Reasoning

• The process of deriving a reliable generalization from observations is known as inductive reasoning.
• In inductive reasoning, a generalization is made based on specific instances or observations.
• In deductive reasoning, anyone who accepts the premises must also accept the conclusion.

Example of Deduction

• An example of deduction is: All humans are mortal, Socrates is human, therefore Socrates is mortal.

Characteristics of Inductive Reasoning

• Inductive reasoning involves making a generalization based on specific instances or observations.
• It usually involves a rule being established based on a series of repeated experiences.
• An example of strong induction is: The sun has risen every morning, therefore it will rise again tomorrow.

Limits of Inductive Logic

• In inductive logic, the truth of the conclusion is not guaranteed, even if the premises are true.