Decontamination and Dermal Absorption Quiz

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What is the effect of cortisol on lysosomal membrane permeability?

Has no effect on membrane permeability
Decreases membrane permeability (correct)
Causes lysosomal rupture
Increases membrane permeability

In gout patients, what is the consequence of increased lysosomal membrane permeability due to phagocytosis of monosodium urate crystals?

Increased cell damage (correct)
No effect on cell health
Decreased cell injury
Enhanced cell regeneration

In the general approach to poisoned patients, which step focuses on maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance?

Removal of toxin (Decontamination)
Clinical assessment and Investigations
Initial resuscitation stabilization (ABC’s) (correct)
Supportive treatment

What is the recommended treatment for hypertension in poisoned patients?

Nitroprusside, beta blocker, or nitroglycerin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus area in the general approach to poisoned patients?

Clinical assessment and Investigations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can result from airway obstruction in poisoned patients according to the text?

Death (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial reason for suspecting poisoning in the case presentation?

Accidental ingestion of household cleaning agents (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the purposes of mutagenicity testing mentioned in the management approach?

Identifying potential carcinogenic effects (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the two-year rodent assay mentioned in the text?

Identifying potential carcinogenic effects (A) Signup and view all the answers

What substance, if it is a large polypeptide, acts as an antigen and stimulates the body to form antibodies?

This substance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do substances like penicillin do?

Act as haptens and combine with body proteins to form antigens (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to conduct repeated doses throughout the lifetime of an animal in the two-year rodent assay?

To observe long-term effects, especially for chronic administration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the mediators responsible for allergic reactions?

Histamine, bradykinin and others (D) Signup and view all the answers

In toxicology, what does invitro testing typically involve?

Testing outside a living organism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of the lysosome and the cytosol?

Lysosome pH is 5, cytosol pH is 7 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which step was taken by the medical team upon recognizing the urgency of the suspected poisoning case?

Initiating toxicology management protocol (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the acidity of the cell is increased by serious cell injury or cell death?

The permeability of the lysosomal membrane increases, leading to diffusion of the enzymes into the cytosol (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can cause damage to the lysosomal membrane leading to release of lysosomal enzymes into the cytoplasm of living cells?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why absorption of organophosphorus and related compounds through the cutaneous route can be fatal?

Cutaneous absorption can lead to more rapid systemic distribution of the toxin (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why should water not be used to decontaminate the skin in exposures to sodium and phosphorus?

Water can cause the sodium and phosphorus to react more violently (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of dermal decontamination after exposure to a toxin?

To stop the further absorption of the toxin into the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first aid action for inhalation exposure to a toxin?

Move the patient to fresh air and give supplemental humidified oxygen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended decontamination method for exposures to oily substances?

Avoid using water and instead use soap and water for decontamination (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances can cause hypothermia?

Barbiturates (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of decontamination procedures?

To reduce the local and systemic effects of the poisons (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for ocular exposure to corrosive agents?

Immediate local decontamination with a neutralizing solution for at least 30 minutes (A) Signup and view all the answers