26 Questions
What is the effect of cortisol on lysosomal membrane permeability?
Decreases membrane permeability
In gout patients, what is the consequence of increased lysosomal membrane permeability due to phagocytosis of monosodium urate crystals?
Increased cell damage
In the general approach to poisoned patients, which step focuses on maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance?
Initial resuscitation stabilization (ABC’s)
What is the recommended treatment for hypertension in poisoned patients?
Nitroprusside, beta blocker, or nitroglycerin
Which of the following is NOT a focus area in the general approach to poisoned patients?
Clinical assessment and Investigations
What can result from airway obstruction in poisoned patients according to the text?
Death
What is the initial reason for suspecting poisoning in the case presentation?
Accidental ingestion of household cleaning agents
What is one of the purposes of mutagenicity testing mentioned in the management approach?
Identifying potential carcinogenic effects
What is the primary purpose of the two-year rodent assay mentioned in the text?
Identifying potential carcinogenic effects
What substance, if it is a large polypeptide, acts as an antigen and stimulates the body to form antibodies?
This substance
What do substances like penicillin do?
Act as haptens and combine with body proteins to form antigens
Why is it crucial to conduct repeated doses throughout the lifetime of an animal in the two-year rodent assay?
To observe long-term effects, especially for chronic administration
What are the mediators responsible for allergic reactions?
Histamine, bradykinin and others
In toxicology, what does invitro testing typically involve?
Testing outside a living organism
What is the pH of the lysosome and the cytosol?
Lysosome pH is 5, cytosol pH is 7
Which step was taken by the medical team upon recognizing the urgency of the suspected poisoning case?
Initiating toxicology management protocol
What happens if the acidity of the cell is increased by serious cell injury or cell death?
The permeability of the lysosomal membrane increases, leading to diffusion of the enzymes into the cytosol
What can cause damage to the lysosomal membrane leading to release of lysosomal enzymes into the cytoplasm of living cells?
All of the above
What is the primary reason why absorption of organophosphorus and related compounds through the cutaneous route can be fatal?
Cutaneous absorption can lead to more rapid systemic distribution of the toxin
Why should water not be used to decontaminate the skin in exposures to sodium and phosphorus?
Water can cause the sodium and phosphorus to react more violently
What is the primary goal of dermal decontamination after exposure to a toxin?
To stop the further absorption of the toxin into the body
What is the recommended first aid action for inhalation exposure to a toxin?
Move the patient to fresh air and give supplemental humidified oxygen
What is the recommended decontamination method for exposures to oily substances?
Avoid using water and instead use soap and water for decontamination
Which of the following substances can cause hypothermia?
Barbiturates
What is the primary aim of decontamination procedures?
To reduce the local and systemic effects of the poisons
What is the recommended treatment for ocular exposure to corrosive agents?
Immediate local decontamination with a neutralizing solution for at least 30 minutes
Test your knowledge on the removal of toxins and dermal decontamination processes. Learn about factors affecting cutaneous absorption and the importance of prompt decontamination after exposure to harmful compounds.
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