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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of tissue ischemia in decompression sickness?

  • Oxygen toxicity in tissues
  • Decreased blood flow to tissues
  • Formation of gas bubbles in blood vessels (correct)
  • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

What percentage of individuals experiencing decompression sickness exhibit nervous system symptoms?

  • 5% (correct)
  • 10%
  • 20%
  • 15%

How does hyperbaric oxygen therapy help treat acute decompression sickness?

  • It accelerates decompression
  • It speeds up the formation of gas bubbles
  • It induces nitrogen narcosis
  • It forces the gas back into solution (correct)

Why is helium usually used in the gas mixture instead of nitrogen for very deep dives?

<p>Helium diffuses out of tissues during decompression faster than nitrogen, reducing decompression sickness risk. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the low density of helium impact breathing during very deep dives?

<p>It minimizes airway resistance, which is beneficial for deep dives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if the oxygen concentration in the gaseous mixture for deep dives is not reduced?

<p>It would elevate the risk of oxygen toxicity due to elevated partial pressures of O2. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of nitrogen narcosis that makes it similar to alcohol intoxication?

<p>Decreased cognitive function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what depth do divers develop symptoms of becoming drowsy due to nitrogen narcosis?

<p>150 feet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the nitrogen dissolved in the body tissues affect the body when a diver breathes air under high pressure for a long time?

<p>It increases in body fluids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a diver suddenly ascends to the surface of the sea after breathing air under high pressure?

<p>Formation of nitrogen bubbles in the body fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is used by divers to equalize pressure and hear ears pop?

<p>Holding the nose and trying to blow out (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what depth beneath the ocean surface is a person exposed to 3 atmospheres of pressure?

<p>66 feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law describes the compression of gases to smaller volumes as a diver descends beneath the sea?

<p>Boyle's Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can increased pressure at depth do to the air chambers in a diver's body?

<p>Collapse them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fraction of air is nitrogen, which can cause nitrogen narcosis at high pressures?

<p>Four fifths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increased pressure affect the volume of gas at a depth of 33 feet beneath the sea?

<p>Compressed to one-half liter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of atmospheric pressure mentioned in the text?

<p>Pascal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of pressure, why is the absolute pressure in a bicycle tire higher than the gauge pressure?

<p>The absolute pressure includes the atmospheric pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the pressure in the feet of a standing person exceed the pressure at the heart?

<p>Gravity causes a higher blood column in the feet. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pressure as it travels from the heart to small veins?

<p>Decreases significantly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does inspiration (breathing in) affect the pressure in the body compared to atmospheric pressure?

<p>Decreases below atmospheric pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation p=ρ gh represent in relation to pressure?

<p>Pressure due to depth in a fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to measure blood pressure differences in the circulatory system?

<p>To understand blood flow dynamics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause tissue ischemia or tissue death in decompression sickness?

<p>Gas bubbles blocking blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with decompression sickness experience paralysis or unconsciousness due to nervous system symptoms?

<p>3% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is acute decompression sickness initially treated?

<p>High-pressure chambers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if obstructed gas bubbles are not forced back into solution in decompression sickness treatment?

<p>Formation of more gas bubbles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with decompression sickness?

<p>Coughing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does it take many minutes to hours for bubbles to appear in decompression sickness?

<p>Gas remains dissolved in a supersaturated state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treating decompression sickness?

<p>Force gas back into solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of nitrogen narcosis at 200 to 250 feet for a diver?

<p>Experiencing significant clumsiness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does nitrogen remain dissolved in all body tissues when a diver breathes air under high pressure for a long time?

<p>Because nitrogen is not metabolized by the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if nitrogen bubbles develop extracellularly in the body fluid of a diver returning suddenly to the surface of the sea?

<p>The bubbles can plug many small blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is decompression sickness referred to as multiple problems collectively?

<p>As it involves various symptoms and complications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason helium is preferred over nitrogen for very deep dives?

<p>Nitrogen poses a higher risk of decompression sickness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does nitrogen narcosis at 150 to 200 feet typically manifest in a diver?

<p>Development of drowsiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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