Questions and Answers
What was Lashley's search for?
What is declarative memory?
A form of long-term memory involving conscious recollection, including facts and events.
What is non-declarative memory?
A form of long-term memory that influences behavior without conscious recollection.
Who is Patient H.M.?
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What does episodic memory refer to?
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What is semantic memory?
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What is procedural memory?
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What causes Korsakoff's syndrome with confabulation?
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What is herpes encephalitis?
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What is familiarity in recognition memory?
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What is recollection in recognition memory?
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What is semanticization?
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What does the Vargha Kadhem study reveal?
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What is semantic dementia?
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What is spreading activation?
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What is the DRM false memory paradigm?
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What are semantic hierarchies?
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What is situated stimulation theory?
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What is the hub and spoke model?
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Study Notes
Lashley's Search for the Engram
- Lashley sought the engram, the specific area of memory storage in the rat brain.
- Used lesions to impair brain areas but could not locate the engram.
- Proposed "mass action" principle: learning is distributed across the brain, with the degree of impairment linked to the extent of damage.
Declarative Memory
- Long-term memory involving conscious recollection.
- Two types: semantic memory (facts) and episodic memory (events).
- Often referred to as explicit memory.
Non-declarative Memory
- Long-term memory that affects behavior without conscious recall.
- Includes procedural memory (skills) and priming.
- Known as implicit memory.
Patient H.M.
- Suffered from chronic seizures leading to removal of bilateral medial temporal lobe.
- Resulted in retrograde amnesia, hindering declarative memory.
- Capable of forming non-declarative memories.
Episodic Memory
- Concerned with personal experiences tied to specific places and times.
- Involves recollection of individual life events.
Semantic Memory
- Encompasses general knowledge about the world, including facts, concepts, and language.
Procedural Memory
- Implicit memory that allows performance of skills without conscious intention or awareness.
Korsakoff's Syndrome
- Amnesia linked to severe alcoholism, characterized by confabulation (fabricated stories).
- Result of thymine deficiency.
Herpes Encephalitis
- Caused by the herpes simplex 1 virus, leading to amnesia.
- Example case: Clive Wearing, who experienced profound memory loss.
Familiarity
- Type of recognition memory where items are recognized without recalling specifics.
- Quick recognition process.
Recollection
- Recognition memory that involves using cues and retrieving context details.
- Slower process requiring focused attention.
Semanticization
- Process where episodic memories transform into semantic memories.
- Occurs when multiple episodic memories converge into general knowledge.
Vargha Kadhem Study
- Studied global anterograde amnesia in three patients with hippocampal injuries.
- Despite memory deficits, patients achieved average levels in speech, literacy, and factual knowledge.
- Supports partial dissociation of episodic and semantic memory components.
Semantic Dementia
- Involves severe loss in understanding word meanings while sparing episodic memory.
- Result of damage to the anterior temporal lobes, illustrating double dissociation.
Spreading Activation
- A model showing how related concepts are processed in working memory.
- Explains the priming effect—recall is facilitated by prior exposure to related ideas.
DRM False Memory Paradigm
- Participants recall words associated with a non-presented critical word after exposure to related lists.
- Demonstrates the tendency to falsely remember non-presented items as studied.
Semantic Hierarchies
- Concepts are organized hierarchically with three levels:
- Superordinate (abstract, less informative, rapid retrieval).
- Basic (balanced level).
- Subordinate (specific, slower, potentially less accurate).
Situated Stimulation Theory
- Concept processing often involves perceptual and motor systems, suggesting a multi-faceted approach to understanding concepts.
Hub & Spoke Model
- Describes concept processing: hub represents modality-independent unified representations.
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Description
Explore the fascinating concept of declarative memory through flashcards. Learn about Lashley's search for the engram and his contributions to understanding memory distribution in the brain. This quiz helps deepen your knowledge of memory and neurology.
