Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the gap between the current and desired state of a business?
What is the gap between the current and desired state of a business?
What is the best description of 'well-structured' problems?
What is the best description of 'well-structured' problems?
Which of the following is NOT a decision-making aid?
Which of the following is NOT a decision-making aid?
What are two key goals of employee orientation?
What are two key goals of employee orientation?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of power?
Which of the following is NOT a type of power?
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What is the primary focus of the 'Directive' decision-making style?
What is the primary focus of the 'Directive' decision-making style?
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What does 'Span of Control' refer to in organizational structure?
What does 'Span of Control' refer to in organizational structure?
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What does 'Bounded Rationality' refer to?
What does 'Bounded Rationality' refer to?
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What are the three main components of Human Resource Management?
What are the three main components of Human Resource Management?
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The decision-making style 'Analytic' is characterized by high tolerance for ambiguity and quick decisions.
The decision-making style 'Analytic' is characterized by high tolerance for ambiguity and quick decisions.
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An example of a 'Nonprogrammed Decision' is scheduling employees' shifts for the week.
An example of a 'Nonprogrammed Decision' is scheduling employees' shifts for the week.
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The 'Expert' type of power is based on an individual's position and authority.
The 'Expert' type of power is based on an individual's position and authority.
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What is a 'Job Specification' in the context of HRM?
What is a 'Job Specification' in the context of HRM?
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The 'Process' type of departmentalization groups employees based on their geographical location.
The 'Process' type of departmentalization groups employees based on their geographical location.
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Which type of appraisal method involves gathering feedback from multiple sources, including supervisors, peers, and subordinates?
Which type of appraisal method involves gathering feedback from multiple sources, including supervisors, peers, and subordinates?
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What type of organizational structure emphasizes having only one boss per employee to ensure clarity in reporting lines?
What type of organizational structure emphasizes having only one boss per employee to ensure clarity in reporting lines?
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Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) are designed to promote workplace violence and implement strong security measures.
Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) are designed to promote workplace violence and implement strong security measures.
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Study Notes
Decision-Making Process
- Problem: A difference between the current state and the desired state.
- Decision Criteria: Factors relevant to the decision.
Planning-Function Decisions
- Setting Goals: Defining short-term and long-term objectives.
- Choosing Strategies: Selecting effective methods for completing tasks.
- Budgeting and Assessing: Evaluating competition and creating budgets.
Decision Implementation
- Act on Decisions: Communicate with stakeholders and secure their commitment.
Circumstances in Decision-Making
- Certainty: Known outcomes.
- Uncertainty: Unknown outcomes.
- Risk: Outcomes with some degree of uncertainty.
Rational Decision-Making Model
- Rational: Consistent and value-maximizing choices.
- Bounded Rationality: Simplified decisions due to constraints.
- Satisficing: Acceptable, "good enough" solutions.
Types of Problems
- Well-Structured: Familiar and straightforward.
- Ill-Structured: Ambiguous and requiring creative solutions.
Programmed Decisions
- Routine and Repetitive: Typical decisions.
- Non-Programmed: Unique and customized decisions.
Decision-Making Aids
- Policies: General guidelines.
- Procedures: Sequential steps.
- Rules: Clear instructions.
Decision-Making Styles
- Directive: Low tolerance for ambiguity, quick decisions.
- Analytical: High tolerance for ambiguity, thorough decision-making.
- Conceptual: Creative solutions, long-term focus.
- Behavioral: People-oriented, collaborative, intuitive.
Organizational Design
- Process: Developing or modifying organizational structure.
- Work Specialization: Dividing work into specific tasks.
- Chain of Command: One boss per employee.
- Span of Control: Number of subordinates a manager effectively handles.
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Organizational Structure - Authority: Right to give orders and expect compliance.
- Power: Influence beyond position.
- Responsibility: Obligation to perform assigned duties.
- Line Authority: Direct authority.
- Staff Authority: Support role.
Types of Power
- Coercive: Based on fear.
- Reward: Control over valued outcomes.
- Legitimate: Formal position.
- Expert: Knowledge or skills.
- Referent: Admiration or personal traits.
Types of Departmentalization
- Functional: Grouping by functions (e.g., marketing, finance).
- Product: Grouping by products or services.
- Customer: Grouping by customer types.
- Geographic: Grouping by regions or territories.
- Process: Grouping by workflow stages.
Human Resources Management (HRM)
- Goals: Balancing employee supply and demand, matching skills with needs, creating a productive environment.
- Managing: Recruitment, training, motivation, retention of competent employees.
Legal Environment of HRM
- Impact of Laws: Federal, state, and local laws influencing HR practices.
- Affirmative Action Programs: Promoting employment, upgrading, and retention of protected groups.
- Globalization: HR practices and considerations in global business environments.
- Work Councils: Employees consulted on decisions.
- Board Representatives: Employee representation on boards.
Employee Assessment
- Human Resource Inventory: Reporting employee details (education, training, experience).
- Job Analysis: Tasks, duties, and responsibilities; minimum qualifications.
Recruitment and Selection
- Recruitment: Locating and attracting applicants.
- Selection: Screening applicants to find the most suitable candidates.
- Selection Devices: Written tests, performance-simulation tests, interviews.
Employee Orientation
- Goals: Reducing anxiety, familiarizing employees with the organization, facilitating transitions.
Training
- Objective: Improve skills, knowledge, and behavior.
- Methods: On-the-job training (job rotation, understudy assignments) and off-the-job training (classroom lectures, simulations, videos).
Individual Appraisal Methods
- Narrative Appraisals: Critical incidents; written methods.
- Rating Scales: Graphic rating scales; Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS).
- 360-Degree Appraisal: Feedback from multiple sources.
Sexual Harassment
- Definition: Unwelcome sexual advances or conduct.
- Hostile Work Environment: Creating an unwelcoming environment.
- Organizational Protection: Sexual harassment policies and prompt action.
Violence in the Workplace
- Types: Violent crimes in the workplace.
- Prevention: Training supervisors, implementing employee assistance programs (EAPs), strong security measures.
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Description
Explore the essential components of the decision-making process, including planning, implementation, and the different types of problems one may face. This quiz delves into rational decision-making models and the impact of certainty, uncertainty, and risk on decisions. Perfect for students looking to enhance their decision-making skills.