Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is critical thinking?
What is critical thinking?
The ability to question philosophically and exercise careful judgement when evaluating a situation.
Define a decision
Define a decision
A conclusion or resolution reached after consideration.
What is problem solving?
What is problem solving?
A process whereby a dilemma is identified and corrected.
What is creativity?
What is creativity?
What is satisficing?
What is satisficing?
What is decision making?
What is decision making?
What are the two types of basic decisions?
What are the two types of basic decisions?
Which of the following is NOT a factor in making effective decisions?
Which of the following is NOT a factor in making effective decisions?
What does the first "C" stand for in the six "C's of decision-making"?
What does the first "C" stand for in the six "C's of decision-making"?
The "What might go wrong" factor should be assessed during the Compare stage of the six "C's" of decision-making.
The "What might go wrong" factor should be assessed during the Compare stage of the six "C's" of decision-making.
Which of the following is NOT a type of decision?
Which of the following is NOT a type of decision?
What does "programmed decision" involve?
What does "programmed decision" involve?
Non-programmed decisions involve using experience and judgment more.
Non-programmed decisions involve using experience and judgment more.
Organizational decisions can usually be delegated, while personal decisions cannot.
Organizational decisions can usually be delegated, while personal decisions cannot.
What stage is the "follow-up" step in?
What stage is the "follow-up" step in?
What is the purpose of the Decision Tree Model?
What is the purpose of the Decision Tree Model?
In the Strategic Model, there are three circles that represent three interconnected elements of decision making.
In the Strategic Model, there are three circles that represent three interconnected elements of decision making.
Which of the following is NOT a successful strategy for decision making?
Which of the following is NOT a successful strategy for decision making?
Which of the following stages does NOT appear in the Nursing process Model?
Which of the following stages does NOT appear in the Nursing process Model?
The Intuitive Decision Making Model was originally built upon the Nursing Process Model.
The Intuitive Decision Making Model was originally built upon the Nursing Process Model.
Which of the following is a step in the Intuitive Decision Making Model?
Which of the following is a step in the Intuitive Decision Making Model?
The Econological Model focuses on identifying economic and social perspectives when making decisions.
The Econological Model focuses on identifying economic and social perspectives when making decisions.
What are the steps in the Econological Model?
What are the steps in the Econological Model?
The Moral Model is often used in decision-making in business situations.
The Moral Model is often used in decision-making in business situations.
Which of the following is NOT a stage of the Moral Model?
Which of the following is NOT a stage of the Moral Model?
What is the main purpose of the Ethical Decision making Model?
What is the main purpose of the Ethical Decision making Model?
The Ethical Decision Making Model emphasizes the importance of considering the consequences of each alternative.
The Ethical Decision Making Model emphasizes the importance of considering the consequences of each alternative.
What is a decision?
What is a decision?
Define problem solving.
Define problem solving.
What is creativity in the context of decision making?
What is creativity in the context of decision making?
Describe satisficing as a decision-making strategy.
Describe satisficing as a decision-making strategy.
Decision making is a process of examining your options, comparing them, and choosing a course of action.
Decision making is a process of examining your options, comparing them, and choosing a course of action.
According to Samuel C. Certo (2003), what is a decision?
According to Samuel C. Certo (2003), what is a decision?
According to Manmohan Prasad (2003), what is decision making?
According to Manmohan Prasad (2003), what is decision making?
Which of the following are factors that influence effective decision making? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are factors that influence effective decision making? (Select all that apply)
The 'Six C's' of Decision Making' include which of the following steps? (Select all that apply)
The 'Six C's' of Decision Making' include which of the following steps? (Select all that apply)
What type of decisions involve large range commitments and large investments?
What type of decisions involve large range commitments and large investments?
Herbert Simon classified decisions into which two classes?
Herbert Simon classified decisions into which two classes?
Programmed decisions involve organizations developing specific processes for handling these decisions.
Programmed decisions involve organizations developing specific processes for handling these decisions.
Give an example of a programmed decision.
Give an example of a programmed decision.
Non-Programmed decisions are related to general problem solving and involve judgment, intuition, and creativity.
Non-Programmed decisions are related to general problem solving and involve judgment, intuition, and creativity.
Which type of decisions reflect company policy and can be delegated?
Which type of decisions reflect company policy and can be delegated?
Which type of decisions refer to those made by a manager as an individual, and cannot be delegated?
Which type of decisions refer to those made by a manager as an individual, and cannot be delegated?
Which type of decisions are taken by the top management of an organization?
Which type of decisions are taken by the top management of an organization?
Decisions taken by an individual in an organization are known as:
Decisions taken by an individual in an organization are known as:
Decisions made by a group of organizational members, like board directors or experts, are known as:
Decisions made by a group of organizational members, like board directors or experts, are known as:
Describe routine decisions.
Describe routine decisions.
Define adaptive decisions.
Define adaptive decisions.
Decision making involves choosing a particular course of action from various courses of action available.
Decision making involves choosing a particular course of action from various courses of action available.
Decision making is solely a mechanical process that does not involve human intellectual abilities.
Decision making is solely a mechanical process that does not involve human intellectual abilities.
Decision-making is a rational process that is always based on purely emotional reasoning.
Decision-making is a rational process that is always based on purely emotional reasoning.
Decision-making is independent of the situation and is always governed by a single universal set of rules.
Decision-making is independent of the situation and is always governed by a single universal set of rules.
Decision making always serves a clear and specific purpose, without any exceptions.
Decision making always serves a clear and specific purpose, without any exceptions.
The 'Phases of Decision Making' involve which three activities?
The 'Phases of Decision Making' involve which three activities?
Which of the following principles are related to decision making? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following principles are related to decision making? (Select all that apply)
Which techniques are used as basis of decision making? (Select all that apply)
Which techniques are used as basis of decision making? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are qualities of a manager? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are qualities of a manager? (Select all that apply)
The 'Decision Making Process' involves which of the following steps? (Select all that apply)
The 'Decision Making Process' involves which of the following steps? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are types of decision-making models? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are types of decision-making models? (Select all that apply)
The 'Normative Model' is based on the 'analytical precise model' and involves seven steps.
The 'Normative Model' is based on the 'analytical precise model' and involves seven steps.
The 'Descriptive model' is based on Lancaster & Lancaster (2002) and involves seven steps.
The 'Descriptive model' is based on Lancaster & Lancaster (2002) and involves seven steps.
The 'Decision tree model' provides a visual representation of possible actions and their consequences, with probabilities assigned to each branch.
The 'Decision tree model' provides a visual representation of possible actions and their consequences, with probabilities assigned to each branch.
The 'Strategic model' was developed by Swansburga in 2002 and involves identifying the problems, developing potential solutions, and selecting the single best choice.
The 'Strategic model' was developed by Swansburga in 2002 and involves identifying the problems, developing potential solutions, and selecting the single best choice.
The 'Nursing Process Model' was developed by Marwuis & Huston in 2002 and involves five steps: Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, and Evaluate.
The 'Nursing Process Model' was developed by Marwuis & Huston in 2002 and involves five steps: Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, and Evaluate.
The 'Intuitive decision making model' was developed by Romiszowski and incorporates recall or cumulative knowledge gathered from formal and informal education, as well as experience, in planning the decision.
The 'Intuitive decision making model' was developed by Romiszowski and incorporates recall or cumulative knowledge gathered from formal and informal education, as well as experience, in planning the decision.
The 'Econological model' was developed by Basavanthappa .B.T in 2006 and involves setting a goal, developing criteria, identifying alternatives, determining outcomes, selecting an alternative, and implementing the decision.
The 'Econological model' was developed by Basavanthappa .B.T in 2006 and involves setting a goal, developing criteria, identifying alternatives, determining outcomes, selecting an alternative, and implementing the decision.
The 'Moral Model' was developed by Murphy and Murphy and involves five steps: Massage the dilemma, Outline options, Review criteria and resolve, Affirm position and act, and Look back, evaluate the decision making.
The 'Moral Model' was developed by Murphy and Murphy and involves five steps: Massage the dilemma, Outline options, Review criteria and resolve, Affirm position and act, and Look back, evaluate the decision making.
The 'Ethical decision making model' was developed by Murphy and Murphy and involves six steps: Identify the problem, Determine why the problem is an ethical one, Identify the people involved, Define the role of the decision maker, Consider the consequences of each alternative, Make the decision, Compare the decision with the philosophy of the decision maker's ethics, Follow-up on the results of the decision.
The 'Ethical decision making model' was developed by Murphy and Murphy and involves six steps: Identify the problem, Determine why the problem is an ethical one, Identify the people involved, Define the role of the decision maker, Consider the consequences of each alternative, Make the decision, Compare the decision with the philosophy of the decision maker's ethics, Follow-up on the results of the decision.
The 'Problem solving model' was developed by Marquis and Huston in 2002, and involves four steps: Assess, Recall, Plan, and Implement/Evaluate.
The 'Problem solving model' was developed by Marquis and Huston in 2002, and involves four steps: Assess, Recall, Plan, and Implement/Evaluate.
Decision making is focused on trying to solve an immediate problem.
Decision making is focused on trying to solve an immediate problem.
Problem solving is a purposeful and goal-directed effort using a systematic process to choose among options.
Problem solving is a purposeful and goal-directed effort using a systematic process to choose among options.
Creativity is essential for generating options or solutions, allowing individuals to conceptualize new and innovative approaches to a problem.
Creativity is essential for generating options or solutions, allowing individuals to conceptualize new and innovative approaches to a problem.
Flashcards
Decision Making Models
Decision Making Models
Different frameworks or approaches used to make decisions.
Decision Makers
Decision Makers
Individuals or groups who make decisions.
Participants
Participants
People affected by decisions.
Shaping society
Shaping society
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Lecture 2
Lecture 2
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Zunaira Butt
Zunaira Butt
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Week 1
Week 1
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Models of decision making
Models of decision making
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Affected participants
Affected participants
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Decision outcome
Decision outcome
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Agent of Change
Agent of Change
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Community Impact
Community Impact
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Positive Change
Positive Change
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Individual's Role
Individual's Role
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Influencing Change
Influencing Change
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Community Collaboration
Community Collaboration
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Active Participation
Active Participation
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Building Relationships
Building Relationships
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Shared Vision
Shared Vision
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Study Notes
Decision Makers and Their Impact
- Decision-makers significantly affect individuals' lives and shape society.
- Critical thinking is the ability to question philosophically and evaluate situations carefully.
- A decision is a conclusion or resolution made after careful consideration.
- Problem-solving is identifying and correcting dilemmas.
- Creativity is intellectual inventiveness.
- Satisficing is choosing a less-than-ideal alternative that meets minimum standards.
- Decision-making is examining possible options, comparing them, and choosing a course of action.
Definitions of Decision-Making
- A decision is a choice made between multiple alternatives to achieve objectives.
- Decision-making is defining a goal and choosing the best solution from several alternatives to achieve a desired outcome.
Factors Affecting Effective Decisions
- Perception
- Priority
- Acceptability
- Goals
- Values
- Demands
- Risk
- Style
- Resources
- Judgment
Six Cs of Decision-Making
- Construct a clear picture of the decision.
- Compile a list of requirements.
- Collect information on alternatives.
- Compare alternatives.
- Consider potential issues.
- Commit to a decision and follow through.
Types of Decisions
- Basic/Strategic decisions involve significant commitments and investments. Minor errors can significantly harm the organization.
- Administrative decisions have established processes (e.g., standing operating procedures, policies) for handling routine tasks.
- Non-programmed decisions address unique issues requiring judgment, intuition, and creativity.
- Organizational decisions reflect company policies and can be delegated. Personal decisions are made by individuals and cannot be delegated.
- Policy decisions are made by top management (e.g., bonus declaration).
- Individual decisions are made by one person.
- Group decisions are made by a group of people (e.g., board of directors).
- Routine decisions address common, well-defined problems using established rules and procedures.
- Adaptive decisions address unusual problems where solutions are partially understood.
Characteristics of Decision-Making
- It's a process of choosing from various courses of action.
- It involves the application of intellectual abilities.
- It's a rational process involving deliberation and reasoning.
- Decisions are situational; a manager might make different decisions in different circumstances.
Phases of Decision-Making
- Intelligent activity (identifying the need)
- Design activity (developing possible solutions)
- Choice activity (selecting the best option)
Principles of Decision-Making
- Autonomy
- Beneficence
- Paternalism
- Utility
- Justice
Techniques or Bases of Decision-Making
- Intuition (inner feelings)
- Facts (objective data)
- Experience (previous situations)
- Operations research (scientific basis for solving problems)
- Values (personal beliefs)
- Individual preference
Qualities of a Manager
- Courage
- Sensitivity
- Energy
- Creativity
Decision-Making Process
- Objectives
- Problems
- Data collection
- Alternatives
- Evaluation
- Selection
- Implementation
- Feedback
Decision-Making Models
- Normative model (7 steps in an analytical model)
- Descriptive model (Lancaster-Lancaster 2002: establishing goals, subjective problem perceptions, evaluating alternatives)
Decision Tree Model
- Paths represent action sequences and outcomes.
- Incorporate probabilities of positive and negative consequences.
Strategic Model
- Visualizes decision-making with three interrelated elements: identifying problems, developing solutions, and selecting the best solution.
Successful Decision-Making Strategies
- Building networks for resource access.
- Research and literature review.
- Knowledge and understanding of policies.
- Frequent communication with organization members.
- Prioritizing activities to achieve goals.
Nursing Process Model
- Cyclical process of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Intuitive Decision-Making Model
- Incorporates knowledge from education, experience, and intuition. Decision-makers spend time in assessment, recalling experience, and planning.
Ecological Model
- Considers the economic aspects of actions to maximize gain or minimize loss.
Moral Model
- Massaging the dilemma, outlining options, reviewing criteria/resolving, affirming and acting, looking back.
Ethical Decision-Making Model
- Clarifies basic values and beliefs of participants.
Problem-Solving Model
- Problem solving and decision making are crucial nursing skills requiring critical thinking, which are enhanced by experience.
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Description
Explore the essential principles of decision-making, including critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity. Understand the factors that influence effective decision-making and how these choices impact individuals and society. Test your knowledge on definitions and theories surrounding the decision-making process.
