Decision Making and Leadership

Decision Making

• When making important decisions, things to keep in mind include those for effective planning in the organization.
• Decision making is oriented towards achieving organizational goals.
• Decision-making increases efficiency in achieving goals.
• Group decision-making primarily allows for more creative and diverse ideas.
• Both Long Term and Short Term Commitment are essential when making a decision.

Problem Solving

• When planning, you make initial decisions about problems before deciding how to meet them.

Leadership

• Leadership can be autocratic, democratic, or bureaucratic.
• Delegating tasks and giving employees autonomy is democratic leadership.
• Transformational leadership involves inspiring and motivating employees to work toward a common goal.
• A key difference between a manager and a leader is that a manager supervises employees, while a leader inspires and motivates them.
• Active listening is a vital communication skill for a leader.
• Empathy is an important trait for a leader to build strong relationships with team members.
• Arrogance is not a trait of a good leader.
• The best step a leader can take when employees express concerns about a rumored change is to reassure them that upper management is working to develop an effective plan.
• Leaders set directions, align people with a shared vision, and motivate people.

Transactional Leaders

• Key characteristics include guiding, mentoring, and motivating.

Conflict

• Conflict can arise from differing perspectives, poor communication, and expectations.
• Improved communication is a potential benefit of conflict.
• Competing is a win-lose conflict management style.
• Collaborating is a win-win conflict management style.
• Conflict happens when there is a serious disagreement or argument about something important.

Stress

• Methods to help avoid stress include managing your time, having a balanced diet, and getting enough sleep.
• Ways to manage stress involves being kind to yourself, spending time in nature, and doing regular exercise.
• Identifying the source of stress is the first step in managing it.
• A common emotional symptom of stress is anger.
• Stress includes hardship, strain, physical, emotional or mental pressure

Management Functions

• Planning includes forecasting and formulates the objectives, policies, programmes, etc.
• Organizing includes identification and grouping of work.
• The directing function in organization management includes communication and motivation.
• The organization should try to achieve the performance standards of staff by controlling and applying suitable measures.
• The organizing function in construction management includes all of the following: grouping of work, defining authority/responsibility and the relationship between them, and the identification of work.
• The staffing function in organization management deals with various aspects of staff, including selection, participation, and training.

Work Division

• The work should be divided into small parts, and a suitable job should be assigned to a suitable person through the division of work.

Organization Structure

• Organization is defined as the arrangement of persons in a business so that they act as one toward a common goal.
• An organization chart serves all purposes, including assisting in staff reorganization, formulating implementation policy, and aiding management.
• In a line and staff system, the person in authority is provided with a panel of experts or specialists.
• In a functional system, separate departments are formed based on functional aspects.