Decision Making and Future Limitations

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Questions and Answers

What is a key consideration in interpreting a decision context?

  • Market trends and competition analysis
  • Value and emotions associated with organizational staff (correct)
  • Financial statements of the organization
  • Technological advancements in the industry

In the context of heuristics in Management Decision Making, what is the significance of considering organizational features?

  • To focus solely on financial metrics
  • To facilitate consistent strategic aim development (correct)
  • To ignore emotional aspects completely
  • To exclude staff opinions and values

Who noted that historically, focusing on the value and emotions of organizational staff was considered a weakness in implementing consistent strategic aims?

  • Carr
  • Maccoby (correct)
  • Check land
  • Smith and Sharma

What concept is emphasized in the chapter regarding the interpretation of a decision context?

<p>Emotional intelligence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text mention that management methods need to fully embrace organizational features?

<p>To enhance consistency in strategic aim development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem can emerge when individuals fail to consider the value and emotions associated with organizational staff in decision-making?

<p>Inconsistencies in implementation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Berne, what is the basis of effective communication?

<p>Selection of appropriate responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of decision making, what factors should be considered beyond the psychoanalytical view?

<p>Task, situational context, and individual relevance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to ensure an appropriate fit between decision maker's style and organizational growth?

<p>To support the evolving organization effectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stage of organizational development may be more accepting of behaviors like tantrums in senior managers?

<p>Emergent and entrepreneurial stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a negative child state stroke interact with the Adult accounting mode according to the text?

<p>By drawing a stroked response through the negative punitive parent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to ineffective communication according to the text?

<p>Poorly or inappropriately chosen response to a given stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the downside of having a recent or vivid memory when considering or deciding upon a current situation?

<p>It may introduce bias, especially if the event being recalled is rare. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Goodwin & Wright (2004), why is the fear of crime seen disproportionately more in some parts of society compared to actual crime incidents in those parts?

<p>Because of the language and tone used in the press. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a prejudice towards viewing an organization's activities impact memory recall?

<p>It may result in illusory correlations between activities and outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What example is given by the text to illustrate an illusory correlation within an organization?

<p>Quality problems with semi-finished goods shipped to the UK from a manufacturing plant in Vietnam. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Yee et al (2008), what was described as an illusory correlation regarding employee satisfaction and job performance?

<p>There is a direct causal relationship between employee satisfaction and job performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does recent press coverage influence our ability to recollect information, as mentioned in the text?

<p>It distorts the information we remember. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one observed difficulty of relying on past experience as a guide to future decision making?

<p>It can shape and limit future decisions when there is limited prior experience of a situation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Hardin III (1999) suggest as a source of bias in decision making?

<p>Misapplication of schema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Smith & Sharma, why do meetings between individuals in organizations play a prominent role in decision making?

<p>Because human beings are fundamentally social animals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Schmidt (2011), what can block the accurate diagnosis of a problem?

<p>Information uncertainty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cognitive view of decision making propose?

<p>A synthesis of past views to understand individual decision-making behaviors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a key aspect in the 'Theory of Expert Competence' by Shanteau (1992)?

<p>Robust leadership style (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the biological development view argue behavior is determined?

<p>Through genetic, neurobiological, and physiological factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In decision making, what is highly unlikely according to the Garbage Can model by Cohen et al (1972)?

<p>Complete convergence of necessary information, resources, and contexts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do McKenna & Martin-Smith emphasize about decision-making in general?

<p>It is not a linear nor rational process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a decision maker according to Hardin III (1999) in order to resolve complex scenarios?

<p>Robust self-confidence and belief (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do formal meetings play a role in decision making according to the text?

<p>To understand how individuals disclose information about themselves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT identified as a necessary input in individual decision making by Shanteau (1992)?

<p>Leadership skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four decision making styles identified in the Driver & Rowe cognitive decision style model?

<p>Directive, Analytical, Conceptual, Behavioral</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the systems view and SSM approach to problem analysis relate to left and right brain thinking?

<p>They reflect left and right brain thinking, which aligns with the Driver &amp; Rowe model of decision making styles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has management interest increased in due to insights from cognitive schemas and heuristics?

<p>Development of cognitive schemas and heuristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Shanteau (1992), what is a key aspect in the 'Theory of Expert Competence'?

<p>Decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the biological development view argue behavior is determined?

<p>By biological factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one observed difficulty of relying on past experience as a guide to future decision making?

<p>Non-repetition of past events</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for management methods to fully embrace organizational features?

<p>To ensure consistent strategic aims and their implementation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem may arise when individuals fail to consider the value and emotions of organizational staff in decision-making?

<p>Failure to develop a consistent strategic aim and implement it effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Yee et al (2008), what illusory correlation was described regarding employee satisfaction and job performance?

<p>Believing that high employee satisfaction implies high job performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Shanteau (1992) emphasize as a key aspect in the 'Theory of Expert Competence'?

<p>The ability to accurately recognize situations and patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Hardin III (1999), what is required for a decision maker to resolve complex scenarios?

<p>Recognizing and managing sources of bias in decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a key aspect in the 'Theory of Expert Competence' by Shanteau (1992)?

<p>The ability to accurately recognize situations and patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three mental modes proposed by Berne in transaction analysis?

<p>Child ego state, Parent ego state, Adult ego state</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Accounting Mode' in transaction analysis associated with?

<p>Interpreting communications and choosing responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'strokes' in transaction analysis and what do they refer to?

<p>Positive or negative interactions; appropriate responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are positive and negative strokes in the Parent and Child states related to the Adult accounting mode?

<p>They invite appropriate responses through the Adult state</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Berne develop beyond the child, parent, and adult ego states in transaction analysis?

<p>The 'descriptive model'</p> Signup and view all the answers

In transaction analysis, what is the significance of early events in an individual's life according to Elizabeth Chell's critical incident theory?

<p>They impact future development</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific ability was affected in decision making when an individual had an injury to the vmPFC?

<p>Ability to use emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to McKenna & Martin-Smith (2005), what drives individuals to act and make decisions?

<p>Need to self-actualize and pursue personal ambition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What view of decision making goes beyond cognition to consider broader issues like self-development aims?

<p>Humanist view</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are activated when reasoning about moral dilemmas, according to evidence?

<p>vmPFC</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in the 'Theory of Expert Competence' by Shanteau (1992)?

<p>Judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key aspect of decision making that the cognitive view proposes?

<p>Schemata's and heuristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What opportunity can a recessionary period provide for organizations according to Asker (2009)?

<p>Opportunity to raise their profile through proactive marketing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of the availability heuristic mentioned in the text?

<p>Asking whether there are more words in the English language with 'k' as the third letter or as the first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the effectiveness of heuristics in decision making?

<p>Rapid but not always accurate decision making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the downside of relying solely on recent memories when making decisions?

<p>May lead to manipulation by governments and media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is accurate statistical data considered superior in decision making?

<p>It is superior in every event if available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text suggest individuals can improve decision making beyond heuristics?

<p>Consider accurate statistical data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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