Decision Making and Future Limitations

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What is a key consideration in interpreting a decision context?

Market trends and competition analysis

Value and emotions associated with organizational staff (correct)

Financial statements of the organization

Technological advancements in the industry

In the context of heuristics in Management Decision Making, what is the significance of considering organizational features?

To focus solely on financial metrics

To facilitate consistent strategic aim development (correct)

To ignore emotional aspects completely

To exclude staff opinions and values

Who noted that historically, focusing on the value and emotions of organizational staff was considered a weakness in implementing consistent strategic aims?

Carr

Maccoby (correct)

Check land

Smith and Sharma

What concept is emphasized in the chapter regarding the interpretation of a decision context?

Emotional intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text mention that management methods need to fully embrace organizational features?

To enhance consistency in strategic aim development Signup and view all the answers

What problem can emerge when individuals fail to consider the value and emotions associated with organizational staff in decision-making?

Inconsistencies in implementation Signup and view all the answers

According to Berne, what is the basis of effective communication?

Selection of appropriate responses Signup and view all the answers

In the context of decision making, what factors should be considered beyond the psychoanalytical view?

Task, situational context, and individual relevance Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to ensure an appropriate fit between decision maker's style and organizational growth?

To support the evolving organization effectively Signup and view all the answers

What stage of organizational development may be more accepting of behaviors like tantrums in senior managers?

Emergent and entrepreneurial stage Signup and view all the answers

How does a negative child state stroke interact with the Adult accounting mode according to the text?

By drawing a stroked response through the negative punitive parent Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to ineffective communication according to the text?

Poorly or inappropriately chosen response to a given stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is the downside of having a recent or vivid memory when considering or deciding upon a current situation?

It may introduce bias, especially if the event being recalled is rare. Signup and view all the answers

According to Goodwin & Wright (2004), why is the fear of crime seen disproportionately more in some parts of society compared to actual crime incidents in those parts?

Because of the language and tone used in the press. Signup and view all the answers

How can a prejudice towards viewing an organization's activities impact memory recall?

It may result in illusory correlations between activities and outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What example is given by the text to illustrate an illusory correlation within an organization?

Quality problems with semi-finished goods shipped to the UK from a manufacturing plant in Vietnam. Signup and view all the answers

According to Yee et al (2008), what was described as an illusory correlation regarding employee satisfaction and job performance?

There is a direct causal relationship between employee satisfaction and job performance. Signup and view all the answers

How does recent press coverage influence our ability to recollect information, as mentioned in the text?

It distorts the information we remember. Signup and view all the answers

What is one observed difficulty of relying on past experience as a guide to future decision making?

It can shape and limit future decisions when there is limited prior experience of a situation. Signup and view all the answers

What does Hardin III (1999) suggest as a source of bias in decision making?

Misapplication of schema Signup and view all the answers

According to Smith & Sharma, why do meetings between individuals in organizations play a prominent role in decision making?

Because human beings are fundamentally social animals. Signup and view all the answers

According to Schmidt (2011), what can block the accurate diagnosis of a problem?

Information uncertainty Signup and view all the answers

What does the cognitive view of decision making propose?

A synthesis of past views to understand individual decision-making behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a key aspect in the 'Theory of Expert Competence' by Shanteau (1992)?

Robust leadership style Signup and view all the answers

How does the biological development view argue behavior is determined?

Through genetic, neurobiological, and physiological factors. Signup and view all the answers

In decision making, what is highly unlikely according to the Garbage Can model by Cohen et al (1972)?

Complete convergence of necessary information, resources, and contexts Signup and view all the answers

What do McKenna & Martin-Smith emphasize about decision-making in general?

It is not a linear nor rational process. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a decision maker according to Hardin III (1999) in order to resolve complex scenarios?

Robust self-confidence and belief Signup and view all the answers

Why do formal meetings play a role in decision making according to the text?

To understand how individuals disclose information about themselves. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT identified as a necessary input in individual decision making by Shanteau (1992)?

Leadership skills Signup and view all the answers

What are the four decision making styles identified in the Driver & Rowe cognitive decision style model?

Directive, Analytical, Conceptual, Behavioral Signup and view all the answers

How does the systems view and SSM approach to problem analysis relate to left and right brain thinking?

They reflect left and right brain thinking, which aligns with the Driver & Rowe model of decision making styles. Signup and view all the answers

What has management interest increased in due to insights from cognitive schemas and heuristics?

Development of cognitive schemas and heuristics Signup and view all the answers

According to Shanteau (1992), what is a key aspect in the 'Theory of Expert Competence'?

Decision making Signup and view all the answers

How does the biological development view argue behavior is determined?

By biological factors Signup and view all the answers

What is one observed difficulty of relying on past experience as a guide to future decision making?

Non-repetition of past events Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for management methods to fully embrace organizational features?

To ensure consistent strategic aims and their implementation. Signup and view all the answers

What problem may arise when individuals fail to consider the value and emotions of organizational staff in decision-making?

Failure to develop a consistent strategic aim and implement it effectively. Signup and view all the answers

According to Yee et al (2008), what illusory correlation was described regarding employee satisfaction and job performance?

Believing that high employee satisfaction implies high job performance. Signup and view all the answers

What does Shanteau (1992) emphasize as a key aspect in the 'Theory of Expert Competence'?

The ability to accurately recognize situations and patterns. Signup and view all the answers

According to Hardin III (1999), what is required for a decision maker to resolve complex scenarios?

Recognizing and managing sources of bias in decision-making. Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a key aspect in the 'Theory of Expert Competence' by Shanteau (1992)?

The ability to accurately recognize situations and patterns. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three mental modes proposed by Berne in transaction analysis?

Child ego state, Parent ego state, Adult ego state Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Accounting Mode' in transaction analysis associated with?

Interpreting communications and choosing responses Signup and view all the answers

What are 'strokes' in transaction analysis and what do they refer to?

Positive or negative interactions; appropriate responses Signup and view all the answers

How are positive and negative strokes in the Parent and Child states related to the Adult accounting mode?

They invite appropriate responses through the Adult state Signup and view all the answers

What did Berne develop beyond the child, parent, and adult ego states in transaction analysis?

The 'descriptive model' Signup and view all the answers

In transaction analysis, what is the significance of early events in an individual's life according to Elizabeth Chell's critical incident theory?

They impact future development Signup and view all the answers

What specific ability was affected in decision making when an individual had an injury to the vmPFC?

Ability to use emotions Signup and view all the answers

According to McKenna & Martin-Smith (2005), what drives individuals to act and make decisions?

Need to self-actualize and pursue personal ambition Signup and view all the answers

What view of decision making goes beyond cognition to consider broader issues like self-development aims?

Humanist view Signup and view all the answers

What structures are activated when reasoning about moral dilemmas, according to evidence?

vmPFC Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in the 'Theory of Expert Competence' by Shanteau (1992)?

Judgment Signup and view all the answers

What is the key aspect of decision making that the cognitive view proposes?

Schemata's and heuristics Signup and view all the answers

What opportunity can a recessionary period provide for organizations according to Asker (2009)?

Opportunity to raise their profile through proactive marketing. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of the availability heuristic mentioned in the text?

Asking whether there are more words in the English language with 'k' as the third letter or as the first. Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the effectiveness of heuristics in decision making?

Rapid but not always accurate decision making. Signup and view all the answers

What is the downside of relying solely on recent memories when making decisions?

May lead to manipulation by governments and media. Signup and view all the answers

Why is accurate statistical data considered superior in decision making?

It is superior in every event if available. Signup and view all the answers

How does the text suggest individuals can improve decision making beyond heuristics?

Consider accurate statistical data. Signup and view all the answers

Decision Making and Future Limitations

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Questions and Answers

What is a key consideration in interpreting a decision context?

In the context of heuristics in Management Decision Making, what is the significance of considering organizational features?

Who noted that historically, focusing on the value and emotions of organizational staff was considered a weakness in implementing consistent strategic aims?

What concept is emphasized in the chapter regarding the interpretation of a decision context?

Why does the text mention that management methods need to fully embrace organizational features?

What problem can emerge when individuals fail to consider the value and emotions associated with organizational staff in decision-making?

According to Berne, what is the basis of effective communication?

In the context of decision making, what factors should be considered beyond the psychoanalytical view?

Why is it important to ensure an appropriate fit between decision maker's style and organizational growth?

What stage of organizational development may be more accepting of behaviors like tantrums in senior managers?

How does a negative child state stroke interact with the Adult accounting mode according to the text?

What can lead to ineffective communication according to the text?

What is the downside of having a recent or vivid memory when considering or deciding upon a current situation?

According to Goodwin & Wright (2004), why is the fear of crime seen disproportionately more in some parts of society compared to actual crime incidents in those parts?

How can a prejudice towards viewing an organization's activities impact memory recall?

What example is given by the text to illustrate an illusory correlation within an organization?

According to Yee et al (2008), what was described as an illusory correlation regarding employee satisfaction and job performance?

How does recent press coverage influence our ability to recollect information, as mentioned in the text?

What is one observed difficulty of relying on past experience as a guide to future decision making?

What does Hardin III (1999) suggest as a source of bias in decision making?

According to Smith & Sharma, why do meetings between individuals in organizations play a prominent role in decision making?

According to Schmidt (2011), what can block the accurate diagnosis of a problem?

What does the cognitive view of decision making propose?

What is highlighted as a key aspect in the 'Theory of Expert Competence' by Shanteau (1992)?

How does the biological development view argue behavior is determined?

In decision making, what is highly unlikely according to the Garbage Can model by Cohen et al (1972)?

What do McKenna & Martin-Smith emphasize about decision-making in general?

What is required for a decision maker according to Hardin III (1999) in order to resolve complex scenarios?

Why do formal meetings play a role in decision making according to the text?

Which aspect is NOT identified as a necessary input in individual decision making by Shanteau (1992)?

What are the four decision making styles identified in the Driver & Rowe cognitive decision style model?

How does the systems view and SSM approach to problem analysis relate to left and right brain thinking?

What has management interest increased in due to insights from cognitive schemas and heuristics?

According to Shanteau (1992), what is a key aspect in the 'Theory of Expert Competence'?

How does the biological development view argue behavior is determined?

What is one observed difficulty of relying on past experience as a guide to future decision making?

Why is it important for management methods to fully embrace organizational features?

What problem may arise when individuals fail to consider the value and emotions of organizational staff in decision-making?

According to Yee et al (2008), what illusory correlation was described regarding employee satisfaction and job performance?

What does Shanteau (1992) emphasize as a key aspect in the 'Theory of Expert Competence'?

According to Hardin III (1999), what is required for a decision maker to resolve complex scenarios?

What is highlighted as a key aspect in the 'Theory of Expert Competence' by Shanteau (1992)?

What are the three mental modes proposed by Berne in transaction analysis?

What is the 'Accounting Mode' in transaction analysis associated with?

What are 'strokes' in transaction analysis and what do they refer to?

How are positive and negative strokes in the Parent and Child states related to the Adult accounting mode?

What did Berne develop beyond the child, parent, and adult ego states in transaction analysis?

In transaction analysis, what is the significance of early events in an individual's life according to Elizabeth Chell's critical incident theory?

What specific ability was affected in decision making when an individual had an injury to the vmPFC?

According to McKenna & Martin-Smith (2005), what drives individuals to act and make decisions?

What view of decision making goes beyond cognition to consider broader issues like self-development aims?

What structures are activated when reasoning about moral dilemmas, according to evidence?

What is emphasized in the 'Theory of Expert Competence' by Shanteau (1992)?

What is the key aspect of decision making that the cognitive view proposes?

What opportunity can a recessionary period provide for organizations according to Asker (2009)?

What is an example of the availability heuristic mentioned in the text?

How does the text describe the effectiveness of heuristics in decision making?

What is the downside of relying solely on recent memories when making decisions?

Why is accurate statistical data considered superior in decision making?

How does the text suggest individuals can improve decision making beyond heuristics?

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